The life of an international student Research Paper

The life of an international educatee - Research Paper ExampleThe basic reason as to why about people become international students is that the preparation standards in their home countries do non meet their needs. As a result, these students opt to learn in other countries whose education matches their expectations. However, in nigh cases, it is not mild to settle down in a foreign country as an international student. For some(a), the change is overly overwhelming and they may opt to go back home, while others persevere and work towards achieving their goals and dreams. Luckily, some countries manage the United States and Canada dupe programs in their universities and colleges that help international students cope with the newly life. The life of an international student The transformation that an international student undergoes once they move to a foreign country cannot be understated. In most cases, being an international student means leaving your family and friends be hind and adjusting to a completely new lifestyle. One is forced to learn a new language, learn the culture of the people, adjust to their schooling establishment and basically learn how to live in a new country. Before getting used to these changes, most international students feel like aliens, thus preferring to keep to themselves as they assess the people around them. With time, however, they come on looking for other international student from their home countries so that the latter can help them adjust. ... Differences between the United States and the Saudi Arabian outlines of education One of the challenges that international students face is the difference in education systems between their home countries and their host countries. For example, the education system of the United States differs from that of Saudi Arabia in a physical body of ways. One of the differences, for example, is in regard to the conduct of students in class. At the beginning, I was always the quite emblem in class because that is the culture of Saudi Arabian classrooms. The students in Saudi Arabian classes do not speak much but in America classrooms, the story is different as students are very opinionated. They also challenge the teachers directly in case they do not agree with what the teacher says. In addition, whereas Saudi Arabians are very disciplined in class, in terms of modes of dressing and behavior, American students have a lot of freedom. For example, students come to class in casual clothes and some even crawfish out snacks and sleep in class. Additionally, being from Saudi Arabia, I was accustomed to official dressing while care class, and a lot of discipline during sessions. I, therefore, always felt odd when I went to class dressed officially and almost everyone else was in casual wear. Although I have tried to adapt to the American classroom culture, is muted find myself being formal in dressing as I attend class and reserving some of my opinions during l ectures. In addition to the classroom setting, I was also confused at the beginning because the American system seems to place so much emphasis on education and leaves little space for socialization. Here in the United States, one is expected to either be in class, in a study group, doing research, or participating in

PESTLE Analysis Ford Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTLE Analysis cut across - Lab Report role modelThe major product segment of the connection includes cars, trucks and utility vehicles (Ford, 2013b). Ford cars are perceived as cheap as well as luxury cars in the market. The large product portfolio, including products such as Sedans, Hatchbacks and SUVs, issue to large group of customers. The order has differentiated itself from other automobile companies though its vision and understanding of the rival of culture on the automobile industry in future. In the present report, the menstruation strategies and tactics implemented by the attach to are discussed and analyzed. A macro environmental analysis has been done to find turn out the present socio-cultural and environmental factors affecting United Kingdom and how the organization needs to make strategies in cast to cope up with these situations. Methods and Reasons The company embraces all the traditional objectives which were given by its founder. However, looking at t he current environment and continuously changing origin and political culture, the brand has also established many strategies to plaudit with the change. Ford is the current leader in innovative cars (Ford, 2013c). Features concerned with safety, advanced technology and effort for null and efficacy are important factors which influence the strategies of the company. Employees in the organization work together as a team and as a global and lean enterprise for leadership in automobile (Mistry, 2005). The company operates by aggressively structuring with the objective of useful operations. The current demand for automotives is very volatile and the mix of models has to be constantly changed to meet the demands of the customers. The organization focuses on accelerating developments of those products and services which are valued by their customers. To remain profitable and well as growing, the company always makes sure that financial planning is appropriate and the balance tack is continuously improving. The brand operates on the goals of providing profitable growth. The brand has its presence in over 30 countries and the company has taken all measures in providing exact requirements of the different market. Looking at the different market preferences, the company has specialized in providing personalized designs and models suiting the geographic and demographic profiles of the markets where the organization is operating. PESTLE Analysis policy-making Continuous growth in campaigning and elections has widened the political environment in the United Kingdom. Presence of splendid clusters of specialty groups makes it extremely difficult for a large organization to concentrate on one political group. Factors such as exchange rates, oil prices and free trade flows attain a direct equal on the functioning of automobile sector. In the present political scenario, volatility in oil prices cod to various political unrest in Arab as well as major oil producing cou ntries, have resulted in revamping of the strategies and budgeting by major automobile companies. Foreign regulations and laws and foreign ownership regulations may also cushion the overall revenue generation of the company in the countries where it is operating. Economic Like the rest of the automobile companies, Ford motor has also suffered huge losses due to the current recession and volatile economic and business environment. The recession that occurred in 2008 was followed by downfall of the banking industry. However, Ford has been able to stay afloat and keep a profitable business during

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological Essay

Have advances in bioscience lead to the greater risk of a biological attack by a non-state actor - Essay ExampleOne of the reasons why that is so is that very few cases of the individuals or groups in possession of the biological weapons have conventionally been identified. Nevertheless, a suss out of the practices and trends of the non-state actors in the past provides a very subjective idea of the tendency of the contemporary non-state actors to cause disparage to the society through the biological weapons, given there has occurred a noticeable increase in the consistence of knowledge about the harmful effects of the pathogenic micro-organisms for humans over the decades. Even though, to the extent that the inspection of the historic cases is beneficial for understanding the current trends and capabilities of the non-state actors, one historic cases of the biological attack carried out by the non-state actors successively in 1984 is discussed in this paper. Using the pathogenic micro-organisms as a destructive tool exposes both(prenominal) the society and the non-state actors to various kinds of challenges. This paper analyzes the extent to which the non-state actors involved in the biological attacks are a little terror to the society.The most popular biological attack in the history of the USA was made in 1984 by a religious cult Rajneeshees that stole an Oregon-based country election. The Rajneeshees lived in the rural Wasco County and had become politically fuddled in Antelope, a small town whose name was thus changed to Rajneesh.

Customer analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Customer analysis - Essay ExampleThe hotel prudence has had discussions and is continuing to conduct further discussions with the event planners, especially the nuptials planners from the Indian community in baseball club to expand its customer base. It will also conduct road shows and take part in wedding conventions to promote and create awargonness of their products. This region is projected to account for over a third of the hotels revenue in Singapore. Primary targets of MBS include Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore and Vietnam (Majumder, 2010). According to Tanasijevich (2011), Malaysia is expected to produce 10 part same as Thailand and Indonesia while 8 share is expected from Vietnam. China, on the other hand, accounts for 6 percent of the Marina embayment smoothen melody. The hotel has an advantage with respect to its location at the centre of the city. The hotels operations are expected to be consistent with minor variations in the number of customers during weekdays and weekends during which customers spend their leisure time. There is also another market that Marina Bay Sands is eyeing, that is the Middle East. Marina Bay Sands is expecting to be flying customers amid Singapore and Middle East. The need of Singapore to enhance tourism in their country through promoting MICE business and increasing family entertainment opened a vast gaming market for Marina Bay Sands which locomote into their target market. This gaming market is described as more aggressive and large therefore, Marina Bay Sands is extending liable gaming training to everyone so that the gaming evolution is understood to enhance understanding of this service. The Marina Bay Sands management explains that the casino gaming business is a principal target market in the early years. This is because it is expected to significantly surpass the MICE and room business before levelling up in the colossal term (Chiang, 2010). Chiang (2010) says that Marina Bay Sands also targ ets local and regional markets of music lovers, anime enthusiasts and aspiring artists to coiffe their creative work by sponsoring events such as SAAP Singapore and Anime Festival Asia. It has something for everybody such as a big swimming pool that outsizes a football field, shops, fast food and restaurant, nightclubs and lounges. In impairment of demographics Marina Bay Sands is targeting almost equally with respect to gender where expected male market is 51 percent as compared to 49 percent of the female market. The hotel has also targeted the middle fourth-year population ranging from 25 to 55 years expected to have a percentage of 66% while that of below 25 years macrocosm 20% and the remaining 14% is expected to be older people aged above 55 years. Couples without children are expected to outnumber those who have children in their households by 65% to 35% respectively. Caucasians are expected to dominate the customer base by 71 percent followed by Asiatic ethnicity at 11 percent. People with income below USD50000 are expected to be fewer i.e. 16% as compared to those earning above USD 50000 at intervals of USD 50000 having a small difference not exceeding 2% (Pdlangen, 2010). The high occupy and Controlled supply of gaming when merged with the design of Marina Bay Sands makes the hotel to stand a chance of being the most Profitable casino in the region and the world at large. This is because each

Reflections of Nature-Nurture and the Issue of Cloning Essay

Reflections of Nature-Nurture and the Issue of Cloning - Essay ExampleAs the discussion explores nature versus nurture is a shorthand expression for debates about the relative importance of an individuals inbred qualities versus personal catchs in determining or causing physical and behavioral traits. In many instances, it has been ready that genes do have a contribution to the intelligence and personality of an individual. This paper declares that the definition of nurture would allow in not merely the care given by the parents but also ones experience in the womb. In case of cloning, the experience in the womb is not possible and this challenges the nature itself. circulating(prenominal) studies in biology indicate that genes alone cannot arrange the trait because the genes are never sufficient in isolation. A position environs can influence a trait just as particular genes can influence the trait. The media too portrays clones as exact carbon copies with no unique traits b ut the environment that influences peoples behavior and personality. Genes merely dictate the shape and the number of neurons in the brain. The arrangement and the data link between these neurons determine the personality of the individual. According to the way the neurons function, a synapse is activated or triggered by a certain event or its corresponding action. The events and experience influence these connections, which ultimately influence the personality traits and determine a persons behavior.

Most important emelnts in a relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Most significant emelnts in a human relationship - Essay ExampleIn Half and Half, the relationship between move and Ted grew due to them severe to prove their mothers wrong. Both of their mothers felt that the relationship was not going to be successful. locomote and Ted used this as a reason to force their relationship to work. However, this is also the reason that their relationship cease up failing. With imagined tragedy hovering over us, we became inseparable (Tan, 89-90). Instead of staying together willingly, they stayed together to show their mothers that they were wrong in predicting anything negative coming from the relationship. By claiming that there was imagined tragedy and by going off blindly together, they created desperation that could have been avoided. They forced themselves to get along, putting on the bury of a happy relationship, a disguise that even fooled Rose and Ted for some time. The one element that was missing to form a successful relationship was h onest love for one another. Similarly, just as Roses mother depended on anticipate to find her son after he was swept out to sea, Rose depended on hope to turn in her marriage, but it was all for nothing. There is no hope. Theres no reason to keep trying (Tan, 516-517). Another element that led to the failure of Rose and Teds relationship was a lack of hope.

Phlanders Flange Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Phlanders Flange beau monde - Essay ExampleOur major aim is diversification of the market. Therefore, I feel that we should non pay wasted premiums on the shares if we value the firm as a stand-alone entity. To reduce the premium value of the share, it would be advisable if we pay the company by cash.When we contrast the strength of our company and that Framingham Company, it appears that when we value the company independently, it does not give us the operating synergy we desire. Instead, the company can give us a pecuniary synergy because it will increase our capacity to borrow.Before we acquire this company, I would propose that we take a moment to revisit our goals for acquisition (Bowles, 2012). Although the Framingham may appear as a good target, we should use our sign goals to consider whether it is the right target. Secondly, we need to do a comprehensive valuing of the company. It will help us to determine its future performance in the market (Bowles, 2012). Lastly, I propose that we investigate the information further to regard if the figures are correct. If the company meets our requirements, then we can go ahead and acquire

Evaluate PESTEL factors in Beatles store in London Essay

Evaluate PESTEL concomitantors in Beatles storehouse in London - Essay manikinHowever, later, analysts decided to extend it and embarrass the last two factors as well, giving rise to PESTEL. A PESTEL depth psychology essentially measures a market. It peck be used in conducting marketing and business development cerebrate assessments, and can assist in the decision making process of an organization(Hall,2008). It must be noted that the Beatles store in London, is a real treat for all the diehard fans of the infamous UK based band called the Beatles of the 1960s. A large range of memorabilia, ranging from clothing, bags, mugs, and magnets, to miniature guitars, drum kits, old and new records, various autographed items and figurines, everything Beatles related can be found at the store. The store is located at baker street, which was an area originally spunky class residential, but now is mainly occupied by commercial premises. To gain a collapse understanding, each factor must be broken down and each component needs to be analyzed separately. Political factors address the degree to which a government can intervene in an economy. These factors mainly include tariffs, tax policy, trade restrictions, provision of merit goods, restrictions on demerit goods etc(Middleton,2007). it may also include education, health and a nations infrastructure, all of which are greatly influenced by government intervention. One basic profound legislation that may hamper sales for the store is the decision of the government to impose a GST of 20% (increased from the initial 17.5%) in January 3 2011(Jones,1998). Economic factors include the basic scotch ideals such as elicit rate, exchange rates, inflation rates, unemployment rate and economic growth. These factors have a massive impact on a businesses operating activities. For example, the inflation rate can determine whether or not people will take in certain goods and services given their real incomes at current inflati on rate. Economic conditions affect the feasibility of success and profit at any given time, as they have an impact on bully availability, demand and cost. If the demand is extremely high and coupled with low economic cost, it will be utile for the firm to invest in such a business(Libecap, 1996). The kind of strategy implemented depends on the economic conditions prevailing at the time. If the economy as a whole, or certain sectors of the economy for that matter are expanding, products and services may have more expansive markets and higher demands than during recessionary times. If employment level is high and income levels in whirl are high, people in general will demand more as they will have more money to spend in disposable terms. In relation to the store, the fact that the UK economy has just come out of the ascribe c pointch may help in keeping intact the fear of the last economic recession that was not too long ago, which in turn may also hamper growth of sales for t he store. Consumption growth has slowed down after the credit crunch of 2008-2009 and is pass judgment to grow by only 0.6% in 2011 and 1.3% in 2012. By 2015 growth is expected to increase by 2.3% if the government abides by its current economic policies and the spending is continuously financed by bare debt (REFERENCELarry Elliott Economics editor, The Guardian, Monday 4 April 2011). However, this may be a reason to worry in the longer run as spending is financed as a result of economic policies through which

Licensing and Professional Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Licensing and Professional Organization - Essay shellIn most cases, the program has a theoretical background, which has evidence regarding on clinical experiences on community-based work out settings (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). In this program, the nursing students get the chance to develop different skills when it comes to providing direct care, health assessments, health sustainment and information, which is useful in the promotion of health care to any given family. Generally, primary care nursing program deals with familys mental, emotional, physical and sociocultural systems (Sullivan-Marx, 2010).Based on this specialty, I would expect to work in one of the many Georgias community health clinics.The Glenn Hills Community School-Based Clinic in Georgia organism a community health care in Georgia as a big pristine Care shaping favors my line of career(Georgia, 1996). The operating systems at the facility are versatile and updated therefore, the environment at the organization wil l favor my career (Buppert, 2008). Additionally, I hope to learn a lot from this organization in terms of my nursing career. The Georgia community health clinic mostly addresses issues ranging from primary care needs, graze diagnostic tests and writing of prescriptions (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). Alternatively, the organization focuses on helping in the application of evidence-based, management of common piercing and some of the chronic health problems among individuals. All the mentioned care approaches directly lie in my line of duty(Georgia, 1996).

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate kindly Responsibility - Essay ExampleRecommendations for the enhancement of the reports 3. Conclusion References Appendix Executive Summary The evaluation of the perspectives of groundbreaking geological formations within the global market is quite difficult. The increasing financial turbulences and neighborly conflicts worldwide have caused delays in the stabilization of firms moreover concerns often appear in attend to the potentials of a firm to face its competitors and win a stable growth. The corporate reports are used as sources for evaluating the current status of organizations but withal their potential performance in the future. Particular emphasis is given on the CSR reports, which indicate the efforts of firms for addressing their social and environmental responsibilities. These reports are likely to be used for the development of communication between organizations and their stakeholders. The review of the CSR reports of three organizations direct in dif ferent industries in UK proves the value of CSR reports for the improvement of organizational performance. It is also proved that each organization is likely to use different approaches for addressing its social and environmental obligations, as resulting by the principles and standards set by the germane(predicate) international organizations. 1. Introduction The response of organizations to their social and environmental responsibilities has been traditionally considered as a criterion for evaluating the potentials of these organizations to garner the markets requirements. In this context, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a vital digress of organizational activities. The above fact is also highlighted in the literature published in the specific field. It should be let downd, though, that theorists and researchers have used different approaches in order to explain the importance of CSR within modern organizations. In accordance with Habisch (2005) the corporate responsibility should be considered as bulge out of the political and social tradition (Habisch 2005, p.38). Moreover, Boeger et al. (2008) note that CSR reports should take into consideration the local culture and ethics. Also, Mullerat et al. (2010) notes that CSR is commonly used as a tool for enhancing stockholder value (Mullerat 2010, p.130), a target that is characterized as of key importance for the success of organizational plans. On the other(a) hand, Idowu et al. (2008) note that the development of credible evaluations regarding the CSR initiatives of modern organizations freighter be achieved only by using eliminate standards and principles, as set by relevant international organizations. From another point of view, Anderson (1989) supports that the quality and the credibility of CSR reports can be checked effectively through appropriate organizational schemes, for instance the development of a social responsibilities audit (Anderson 1989, p.255). It should be also no ted that firms are likely to set different priorities in regard to their CSR plans, as indicated in the graphs presented in Figure 1 & Figure 2 (Appendix section). Current paper focuses on the review of the CSR reports of three firms operating in different industries within the British market the Wates Group, a sound known construction firm, the BAM Group, a firm operating in the field of international contracting, as part of the Royal BAM Group, a European construction enterprise (BAM 2011, About us) and E.on, a key competitor in the power generation industry of UK. The CSR reports

LITERATURE REVIEW ON A BUSINESS INNOVATION Essay

LITERATURE REVIEW ON A BUSINESS unveiling - Essay ExampleThe 3D staining innovation underwent a long evolution that depicts slap-up teaching in terms of affordability, usability, and efficiency in its numerous applications. The MIT and ZS Corporation made significant contributions to the introduction and development of the 3D printing innovation. 3D printing is a versatile yet short process that has great meaning in digital economies that can change the world. It relates to the Rogerss Diffusion of Innovation Theory. However, despite its significance and numerous applications, people are still considering various aspects before adopting 3D printing in their manufacturing companies. Nevertheless, 3D printing remains to be a fundamental aspect in the business world. Introduction 3D printing is one of the most celebrated business innovations that continue to influence the manufacturing and production industry. Also cognise as additive manufacturing, 3D printing is business and tech nological innovation that encompasses the process of making a three-dimensional solid product of any shape victimisation a digital model (3Ders.org 2013, p. 1). Indeed, 3D printing is a huge versatile and rapid process that accommodates geometry of varying complexity in melodic phrase applications, and supporting many types of materials (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). The 3D printers operate at resounding speeds, extremely low costs, and at heart a wide range of applications (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). ... Additionally, products manufactured by means of 3D printing are applicable anywhere in the product life cycle. To achieve 3D printing, innovators used an additive process, where successive layers of material adopt different shapes. The 3D printing innovation, which uses additive processes, is completely different from the traditional machining processes, which used subtractive processes to remove materials in the manufacturing process. Indeed, 3D printing uses digital technology where it uses standard inkjet printing technology to give rise parts layer-by-layer by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers of powder (Z Corporation 2005, p. 3). Then it moves the print heads over a bed of powder where it prints the cross-sectional data sent from .stl, .wrl, .ply, and .sfx files through a lead piston and platform (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). Notably, the cross sectional layers join automatically to produce the final shape. The 3D printing offers improved visualization, greater automation, and more cost-effective reuse of 3D data (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). type to its numerous applications, ability to produce objects of any shape or geometric feature, its effectiveness, and its low costs of production, 3D printing stands out as a successful business innovation using digital solutions. Indeed, through the 3D printing innovation, we can manufacture products locally (DAveni 2013, p. 1) and close to their point of purchase or expenditure through a cheaper and faster process. Subject to its significance and effectiveness, the demand for 3D printers is on an increasing trend in the modern times. In this report, I will include the conceptual framework of this case using relevant theories. I will then present my findings and analyze the case. Conceptual

Construction and Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Construction and Environment - enquiry Paper ExampleHe also stated that in the formulation of their proposal for performance remedyment, they canvas what had been happening and gained insight on the transformations that they had undergone in the recent years. Due to the concerns raised facing the need to ache clients expectations and to the fact that it is underachieving, the Deputy prime Minister set up the Construction Task Force. In UKs domestic economy, the construction assiduity provides a substantial value to the Gross domestic product and therefore, it needs to be safeguarded and allowed to continue growing. The industry measures well with the others in the world due to its flexibility, the nature of the willing tug in adapting to the harsh working conditions. To improve efficiency the task force has to refer to several guidelines which were outlined as quantification of scope for the improvement of efficiency in construction, examination of practices currently in the i mprovement of innovations in processes and products, identification of good practices and projects which would help in the demonstrations and also the advisory of the Deputy Prime Minister to improve efficient building of houses of quality (Lock, 2007). Modernisation is a key factor that affects profitability rate. To sustain learning in a healthy way, the Task force need to be well catered for because if not addresses the margins would be very low. There is need for training a proportion of the workforce to help solve the puzzle of skill shortage improve career structure and develop management and supervisory grades (Berkun, 2008). As a result of under- acquisition, the clients are not satisfied both in the public and private sector. This under achievement can be attributed to myopic investment, unpredictability, competition in terms of price but not considering quality, poor performers not restricted from entering the market. This has led to difficulty in identification of qual ity brands for investors. The construction industry in UK is already fragmented with several small construction companies with less than eight employees. This has led to the prevention of continual teams that work efficiently. This has the only advantage of providing flexibility in fixing with workloads that are highly variable. Still, the speech rhythm of the economy has to a great extent affected the industry to an extent that it maximises on how to survive sort of than future investment (Sir.John, 2007). There is an encouragement by the construction company to continue developing to the political science sponsors and clients. Improvements are recently being initiated with the main agenda as Change. Improvement focuses on the components of construction and materials, this includes pre-assembly and standardization and with the three dimensional modelling and positioning globally. Tools are being put in place to deal with the problems of fragmentation such as creation of partne rships, increasing the techniques and tools for efficiency and quality improvement, benchmarking, encouraging team whole caboodle and integrated Total Quality management (Lock, 2003). As stated by Burke, identification of stakeholders and their respective roles is primary(prenominal) in mitigating the problems identified. Management of scope helps a great deal in completion of tasks on prison term and quantification of task. Work breakdown and structure of the project connecting tasks

Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study - Coursework ExampleSo clearly this matter needed familiarity from stakeholders like the existence, the mayors office and the PUC (Case Study, p 2).2. Make a point- by- point case, pro or con, on a situation in which people who own shares in a company thus far have a voice in its destiny. Justify your position with comparative examples in other areas of public policy.Each of the stated parties- CFLC and Edison- adopted strategies and took out messages that looked at the case from their own point of view. The objective was to set ahead sympathy in the right quarters and among the most effective parties so that the decision would be in their favor. While Edison came out with very general statements, they were also hiding some truths. The merger and downsizing would precede in loss of employment and the economic viability of San Diego would also be threatened, the SDG&E case coming up soon after the loss of South Pacific Airlines Corporation. CFLCs strategy was more eff ective since it appealed to the PUC and used the Mayor and the media to present its case more effectively. It was thus able to garner enough support to triumph everywhere Edisons bid for the merger. Obviously the PUC committee was also against the merger as it would not serve the bigger public interest.Common sense prevailed eventually and after a 3 year battle, the decision was awarded in favor of CFLC and the citizens of San Diego- to do away with the merger. CFLC was in fact against the movement of business from San Diego and welcomed ENOVAs merger with Pacific Enterprises in 1996 to form Sempra Energy, which is still located in San Diego. The public needs job opportunities as well as affordable electricity and SDG& E would provide them with both. Thus the decision not to allow the merger was in the public interest (Case Study, p3).Unfortunately the business world is full of corporate raiders waiting to make a bid for a company they deem attractive in terms of its business

Zara - IT for Fast Fashion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zara - IT for Fast elbow room - Case Study ExampleThe essay Zara - IT for Fast Fashion concerns Zara - fashion company. The company started by Amancio Ortega at the Northern part of Spain continually enjoyed growth in the Spanish market through strategic prepositions. Initially, the filament served the call for of the local consumer in the young feminine segment. Within the last ten years, the company grew proportionally to increased revenues and consumer loyalty through the modernized approaches that it employed. The company preserves the strengths of analyzing the customer targets in the market as serving the entire fashion market poses more threats than opportunities. The company defines that the youthful female consumer depicts a exchangeable behavior throughout the geographical segments. Zara depicts that the consumer buying decision model affects all businesses alike. The company analyzes fashion needs through the online research surveys and establishes on the fashion tren ds that depict a favorable rate of return on investment. Through a communicative channel that tends to link the company to the consumer, Zara advertises on the release of the garments that target to wooing perceived consumer needs. The company runs a solely owned ultramodern factory that designs and makes garments in accordance to the anticipate consumer needs. Zara communicates actual date of releasing the new makes to the customer, and through an effective delivery chain, the company avails the garments to the more than 1500 outlets in 70 countries of the world economy.

Introduction to Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies Assignment

Introduction to Cultural and Cross-Cultural Studies - Assignment manakin concord to the article, canning is not aimed at inflicting pain to the offenders, but to put a public shame on the offenders. This does not portray respect to the citizens neither does it put into consideration other peoples confidentiality. jibe to the article, every women should cover their heads while no woman should work in a public parting with the absence of her husband. According to my feeling, this act does not consider the rights of women neither does it value other dominions within the country. The Islamic culture emphasized in this article does not bring unity but is comprised of much disagreement and ignorance of peoples rights.Islam is a dominant religion in Indonesia. There are several factors that force the evolution of the Muslim culture in Indonesia over the years. The introduction of technology during the three decades of Mr. Suhartos rein in has had much impact on the evolution of the c ulture. Since then, there have been much editing and strong media which allowed education to spread across the archipelago. The Islamic values and their expressions of confidence are no longer confined in to the mosque or within religious events (Salim, 2003). All these can be seen in movies and preached through the radios. People from all over the country are reached with information about the Muslim culture while information about any policies introduced can be communicated in an efficient way.There was much transformation on the temperament of Islam in the country impacted by the Asian Tsunami. It heightened the international awareness of Indonesias indigenous people. According to their belief, many indigenous groups survived the tsunami because their traditional lore prepared them to deal with natural disasters. This disaster survived to strengthen the faith of the people in Indonesia. On the other hand, the bush

The Role of Social Medias Influence (Twitter, Facebook and YouTube) on Essay

The Role of Social Medias see (Twitter, Facebook and YouTube) on the Lives of Children and Young Teens Today - Essay ExampleTwitter, Facebook, and YouTube are considered as the most popular tender media networking sites among the children and raw teens. These genial media websites provide the young teens and children with the ability and scope to communicate with people within the society. Moreover, mixer media websites provide several(prenominal) entertainment aspects, such as fun games, comic videos, and several gaming options that efficaciously attract the children and young teens. The essay leave alone discuss the influence of social media networks on the lives of young teens and children. Moreover, it will discuss several positive and negative effects of social media. Several benefits and features influence the young teens and children to irritate their favorite social media web sites. Undoubtedly, social media networking sites are the most fast and powerful form of med ia for social communication. Several social media websites, such as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Whatsapp provide various entertainment aspects, others than social communication. In this digital age of globalization and advanced technology, social networking sites allow teens and children not only to meet old friends, however also to make new friends. Moreover, they help to share videos, photos, and ideas with friends, family members, and associates. Several positive aspects of these social media networking sites influence the teens and children to draw members of these social media networking sites. ... YouTube helps the young students to collect several online study materials and practical learning experiences. Social media networks discombobulate several key advantages that can help the society in many ways. For example, social media networking sites can develop opportunities for lodge engagement (OKeeffe and Clarke-Pearson 1). Online fund raising activity through social m edia can enhance the pilot ladder programs. Volunteering and charity programs for local philanthropic events to help the people who are affected by several disasters are a great positive utilization of social media networking sites. Apart from all these aspects, social media networking sites help to foster rum social skills and individual identity of a skilled and intelligent teen and child (Deihl and Toelle 1). Several starring(p) business organizations use Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube to promote their products and services. Various organizations target young teens and children by providing attractive and emotional social media advertisements to develop a potential customer base and achieve a competitive advantage in the global business market. The organizations are used to provide exclusive designs along with discounted price tags that influence the young target customers to consume the product. These aspects motivate the young customers to avail these kinds of products. In s pite of several advantages, these social media networking sites have several negative influences that can affect the life of children and young teens. The intensity of online world is increasingly rapid. Facebook falloff is one of the negative consequences of these social media websites. It can affect the teens and children both

Unlawful Justice Essay Example for Free

un justnessful Justice EssayMany community allow disagreements on the wipeout punishment. My opinion on this tune is that we should abolish the oddment penalty from our criminal punishment system. As someone once said devil wrongs do not make a right and I call back that he is right. It is not doing arbiter killing another person because that person killed someone. My friend says this If the person didnt mean to kill them they should live but, if they valued to kill them then they should die(Holeman). More than half of the countries in the world substantiate abolished capital punishment from law or practice. Some of these countries that prolong abolished it, to us are considered third world countries. Are we any pause than these third world countries if we still use the terminal penalty and they dont? A total of 109 countries nurse abolished the devastation penalty. 749 prisoners have been executed since capital punishment was resumed in 1977.Almost all the states in the U.S. use the lethal injection if they regular have the death penalty. Electrocution that used to be widely used is straight by the second most used. Very few states use the gas chamber, hanging, and firing squad and most of the states have lethal injection as a secondary. Most people see the lethal injection as the most humane but all of them are very terrible deaths to die. On January 1st2001 in that location were around 3,700 inmates on death row. The average speak to to assay the death penalty is $218,112 and that is added to the total make up of the case. U.S. isthe leader in killing kids worldwide. We have sentenced 160 children to death since 1973. There is not really an formal age at which you can sentence a child to the death penalty. Mississippi sought the death penalty in 1996 for kids of the age of 13.Most kids sent to death row are colored and stats utter that two out of three kids sent to death row are children of color. Also, almost 90% of people piec eto death for committing a crime were convicted of murdering whites but, about half of all homicide victims in the U.S. are colored. It is so bad in Maryland that if you kill a white person you are seven times more likely to get the death sentence than if you murder a colored person. About 90 % of the people that the U.S. Government prosecutors tried and execute are Black or Latino. Many people that seek the death penalty only when want it for people that are not white.Another major puzzle with the system is that even if you are innocent you have a high chance of being put on death row. Around 23 innocent people have been sentenced to death row and have been executed for crimes they did not commit this century. More than 69 people have been released from death row since 1972 for being wrongly convicted. That is more than one innocent person for every100 convicts on death row. matchless example of mistaken guilt was of Robert Nelson Drew who was executed even after another man c onfessed to the murder.A few countries other than the U.S. show that we dont execute people that bad. Go live in Afghanistan they will precious stone you to death or maybe go to Sudan whereyou can be stoned or crucified and other countries even behead you. Another bad social function about the death penalty is that in Florida each of the states executions cost $3.2 million and life inprison only cost $600,000. Spending our taxpayers money on the death penalty takes away from more important stuff for example investigating drug crimes, domestic violence, and child abuse. If we did not have the death penalty we could have better education and rehabilitation.Around five years ago galore(postnominal) Americans heavily supported the death penalty and around 80% of Americans favored executing convicted murders. According to the canvas now it is at 66 percent that is a major drop. In ten or 20 years will we even have the death penalty? Now for the first time for a very long time people can debate whether we should have the death penalty or not.Governor George Ryan of Illinois started up the train to debate the death penalty and has it moving. Many states in the U.S. are feel over the death penalty in their state.In the 1990s the death penalty was the main thing to do to get tough on crime movement. In the 90s the death penalty has seen the toughest increase in deathrow inmates. With President Clinton in office he expanded the federal death penalty to additional 60 more crimes.Now I come to my conclusion many people have disagreements on the death penalty but nobody will change my decision. If you look at the facts the death penalty has some major mess-ups. Nobody is going to be able to correct those fullyand the only way to stop the mess-ups is to abolish the death penalty. Many innocent people are killed and a hand out of jurors are racist and judge the crime poorly. Almost half of the countries in the world have abolished it wherefore shouldnt we.What if you were wrongly accused of committing a crime and were put to death would justice have been served I think not. Do you see why it should be abolished? Maybe some day you will march against the death penalty even if you dont just please do not support it. Thank you for your time and I hope you learned a lot about the death penalty.Works Citedwww.web.amnesty.org 2 April 2002www.agitator.com 2 April 2002www.abcnews.go.com 2 April 2002www.derechos.org/dp/ 2 April 2002www.uscourts.gov 2 April 2002www.ncadp.org 2 April 2002www.amnesty-usa.org 2 April 2002www.alternet.org 2 April 2002www.prodeathpenalty.com 8 March 2002Pence, Alex. Death Penalty. treat by Alex Pence. 2001Holeman, Spencer. Interview. 4 April 2002

English as Official Language Debate Essay Example for Free

slope as Official Language Debate Es differentiateThe joined States is a nation founded by immigrants. Throughout the years the US has struggled with discrimination and close-mindedness. But, when we put our differences aside we throw out achieve the impossible. We argon a country united by our differences. We celebrate our diversity, independence and individuality. We are a country that believes in choice, and one of those choices should be the option to speak the speech communication which we relate to and understand. It was our forefathers ambition that got us to the Land of The Free and our determination that made us successful. So how can we say we stand for freedom if we dont give our pile, immigrants (illegal or not), the right to speak their language? We are a country for the people, but not all of our people speak English. Many the Statesns argue that those who make out in America should speak English but think about this English is the sum of numerous other langu ages. The British brought English to America and forced the Native Americans to convert to their language and their ways.In redbrick society, we cringe at the idea of oppression and encourage those who are oppressed to speak out for themselves, just turn a blind eye when we are the oppressors. A parallel can be worn-out with bullying. It is an issue that many children, teens, and adults experience. Bullying has been an active topic in the media in recent years. Teachers, parents and authoritative figures go to urge those who are bullied or have witnessed an act of bullying to stand up for themselves and get help.Thus, America is not only being hypocritical and ignorant, but it is also being a bully by forcing others to speak our language. We are oppressing their beliefs. We are telling them that they must speak our language if they demand to be American they must speak our language if they want to be successful. Understandingly, those who come to America should be educated in o ur history and be required to pass a citizenship test. But speaking English does not make one an American. A citizen is not inferior because he/she cannot speak English.Americans today are born with this innate sense of superiority. Yet, over the years we have overcome most of our selfish and antediluvial ways and this is just another obstacle which we must surmount. We cannot force a diverse group of people to speak one language when our nation consists of so many. We cannot force a language upon our people without oppressing those people. make English the official language would make us hypocrites and bullies. Therefore, English should not be the official language of the United States.

Chinese Revolution Essay Example for Free

Chinese Revolution EssayThe Chinese thoroughly-be stimulated War was one of the around turbulent, chaotic, and effective series of so farts during the Cold War Era. It is difficult to conceive of every fashion in which the under-equipped CPC forces would be able to match and eventual(prenominal)ly oercome a causalityful policy-making regime with support vast support from the United States. However, even with limited aid from their Soviet all(a)ies, monoamine oxidase was able to pull the marginalized, the misfortunate, and the oppressed together to strengthen the communist cause. Although many of the issues from which the war stemmed were presented well before any real fierceness took place between Chinese flag-waving(a)s and Maos communist Party the strategies employed by the communists and the emotional vigor with which they clung to their hopes of progress remain the center points Maos eventual triumph.When cargonfully assessed it is evident the CCP victory in the Chinese Civil War was receivable to the power of Mao to mobilize the peasantry and institute land reform, the mis focal point of the Guomindang by Chiang Kai-Shek during the Nipponese invasion of China and the Chinese Civil War, and the proclivity to violence (inspired by intense hatred of the enemy) that was deemed necessary in order to work up out power to the CCP. It is arguable that the KMD should have been at its inviolableest during the decade preceding the Chinese Civil War. Chiang Kai-Shek had been quite no-hit in his campaign against the independent warlords and had recaptured many key areas of Chinese territory. However, June Grasso argues that Chiang made a key defect in his treatment of his defeated opponents. She details this folly, writing Chiang absorbed, rather than eliminated, many warlords and their armies, in effect swallowing hardly not digesting them, (Grasso, 90).Chiangs army was growing at a rapid pace and the KMD was claiming large territorial victor ies. To an outsider, the caller may have seemed at its strongest. However, the KMD remained f bodily function-ridden into the 1930s, (Grasso, 91) and caller unity began a major concern. Grasso continues to explain that the eventual oppression of the communist base in China would be a monumental mistake from which the party would never fully recoer. At first glance, the expulsion of radical communists to the fringes of China seemed al intimately necessary in order to secure political control for the KMD. In domain the communist purge concentrated most of the Nationalist power in major urban areas and disallowed the spread of KMD support. Eventually Mao would make the most of his wide-spread supporters which allowed for a larger base of communism in the country.Considering his small numbers and the rural get-gos of his revolution, Mao worked implausibly well with what he had. Mao evidently knew that he had low choice in the matter of date strategy. As Maurice Meisner reports in Maos China and After, the Maoist forces learned to employ the tactics of irregular warfare upon which their survival was dependent. (Meisner, 31) Mao as well as presented the peasantry of Jiangxi with a reform to the oppressive feudal system which give redistribution of land to tenants. Through the implementation of subverter agrarian policies, Mao was able to secure the beginnings of a corporate opposition to the Nanjing regime.Policies that were deemed too radical by the middle peasantry were thought to be politically and economically harmful in a situation that demanded a broad base of popular support in a rural society (Meisner, 32) Although Mao seemed to have many of the necessary ingredients to effect change among his countrymen, the Guomindang armies were too strong to be defeated this early in the development communist response to Chinese nationalism. Mao would baksheesh the First Front ground forces, out of necessity, from their now obsolete home of Jiangxi to mount ainous Northwest regions of China. The Long litigate devastated the numbers of Chinese Communism and left(p) the party disbanded and broken. Amazingly, the march also birthed profound changes in party leadership and revolutionary spirit. First and foremost the disbandment of other party leaders in the early 1930s and during the 6,000 mile march allowed Mao to pursue his own ideas for communist overhaul, particularly in opposition to Stalins form of communism. His ideas would eventually be accepted by the CCP.Meisner also contends that the Long March had enduring mental effects on the communist contingent that were undoubtedly the most essential feature of this new communism. He writes, For Mao, at least, the experience served to reinforce his voluntaristic faith that the people with the proper will, spirit, and revolutionary consciousness could conquer all material obstacles and mold historical reality in accordance with their ideas and ideals. (Meisner, 34) This so-called revol utionary consciousness feature with the passionate will to overcome great adversity, as displayed by Maos marchers, served as the superlative engine of communist success during the Chinese Civil War. However, a preceding war with the Japanese would hold a rare opportunity for Mao and the fierce Army to seize power in China. mavin of the most important pieces of the intricate puzzle of Chinese political dispute was the invasion of the neighboring Japanese which continued through World War II. Although the Guomigdang harbored superior weapons and were concentrated in some of the most important strategic positions, their leadership and numbers would be forever weakened by their invading neighbors. Although the Japanese were inefficient to hold large territories in China due to its enormous mass, they captured major cities and ports formerly under Chiangs rule. The Guomindang could do little to stop the advances of the Japanese Imperial Army. Chiang was aware that he needed Wester n host aid in order to repossess the cities he had lost in the East. However, his retreat to the center left Chiang with a single option for military success implementing a strategy of guerilla warfare. In reality this was not a viable option for the Guomindang.In his article Origins of the Chinese Revolution, Lucien Bianco contends Mobilizing the rural masses would have required transforming the Chinese countryside and limiting the power of large landowners hence Chiangs aversion to the idea, (Bianco, 149) displaying Chiangs wishing of attractive options. If he were to unite and mobilize the peasantry he would risk the overthrow of large landownersa here and now that played directly into the communist strategy. In other words Chiang would have to sacrifice his dominance over the red-faced Army in order to pacify the invaders from Japan. This turn of events seems almost too perfect for a Red Army that was poised to attack behind Japanese lines using guerilla warfare. The Red Ar my continued to chip away at the Imperial Army and eventually amassed a force over 3 million (two-thirds of which were militia) and the communists eventually ruled over 90 million peasants.The peasantry, as well as women and other previously excluded groups, would now be able to partake in the newly forming democracy. However, the majority of peasants fall in the Red Army cause because it was necessary for survival. (Bianco, 150) Japanese soldiers were terrorizing the Chinese countryside and committing large scale atrocities that forced the peasantry into action. As Bianco puts it, The thing to remember is that the peasant was often safer if he joined a guerilla detachment since his tone was in constant d individual retirement account anyway, he was better off if he at least had a weapon. (Bianco, 152) Their antipathy towards their enemies, both present and future, gave them strength of spirit that could not be matched by the Japanese or the Guomindang. Further atrocities committe d by the Guomindang against the peasantry, including theft of food and murder, only fur in that locationd the peasantrys love of the communist movement. As one patriotic war ended, another was looming over the Chinese country.Among the most important factors in the Chinese Civil War were the failures in Chiangs leadership and military strategy as well as the cash advance of the peoples revolution. Chiang did not have the numbers to defend his holdings while attacking the Red Army. With his numbers greatly spread throughout the massive country, Chiang had great difficulty stopping the communist advance. The Red Army eradicated the Guomindag presence in the North and moved swiftly into Chiangs territory. As hyperinflation due to poor economic policies afflicted Chiangs regime, Mao was eventually able to finish off his opponent and reclaim Beijing by 1949. (Grasso, 124-129) The aforementioned peoples revolution was a way of uniting the peasants against the ballpark enemy.Everyone was expected to contribute to the war effort, not simply to preach its necessity. Grasso contends Alone, the peasantry lacked the insights, what Marxists call consciousness, to make a really socialist revolution, (Grasso, 121) highlighting the mutual necessity that the people and the party shared in each other. In his speech entitled How to Be a Good Communist, Liu Shao-ChI reiterates the necessity of party unity and revolutionary consciousness stating, we must modestly listen to the opinions and criticisms of our comrades and of the masses, carefully study the practical problems in our lives and in our work and carefully sum up our experiences and the lessons we have learned so as to find an orientation for our work. (Liu Shao-ChI, How To Be A Good Communist, 251) In other words, the partnership of the peasantry and the party were one of the strongest tools in the successful victory of the CCP. The peasantrys hatred of their oppressors became a major motivation for the overthrow of th e Guomindang. Gold Flowers Story, a chapter of Jack Beldens book China Shakes the World, presents an insightful and useful microcosm of the agrarian communist viewpoint in Northern China.The specific instances presented in her story are quite particular to women, evident in Beldens assessment And there was a Gold Flower, more or less, beaten and bruised, saddened and soured, in every bring forth of North China. (Belden, 288) However, the emotional hardships and overall struggle of Gold Flower and the countless other members of the abused female gender share common themes with the whole of the revolution and the Communist and Maoist supporters. The mistreated women of China also provided an effective and powerful outlet from which Party leaders could find support. As Belden continues, The Communist Party dictum her and schemed to serve her and themselves through her.She was that spirit that forgets nothing and forgives nothing. There she stood at the gate, slow burning revenge inc arnate, wait a better time, waiting an opportunity, (Belden, 288) one is immediately taken by the spirit of revenge personified in Gold Flower. This need for revenge in the form of vigorous and frequently violent action acts as fuel to the flame that was the revolution. Here, one can see an obvious divide between the two parties. The violence perpetrated by Maos supporters heeds immediate results in the form of social change and freedom from oppression.Of course, there was a plethora of mistreatment in all forms perpetrated against the marginalized masses of rural China. Gold Flowers struggle represents a shift in economic and social precepts that provide the basis for revolution. Under the regime of Chiang Kai-Shek and his Kuomintang predecessors, these marginalized groups stood little chance of peacefully and diplomatically obtaining equality of social standing and political prowess. Gold Flower echoes this thought process of hopelessness. Early in Beldens account he writes, She felt as if a great cant were pressing down on her. Not able to marry the man she loved, not able even to kill herself so that she could remain loyal to her lover, completely done in and drained of all strength, she at last fell into a deep stupor, (Belden, 284) highlighting the depressing nature of Golden Flowers life. If the young girls inability to freely choose her destiny stands as a metaphor for the frustrations of the people of her region, her saves cruelty and overall attitude is most certainly akin to the landowners perspective.Blind to the injustices that those in power had maintained, Chang aggressively remarks As for the poor, if they have not enough to eat, let them go. As for the rich, do you think their post was stolen from others? (Belden, 305). Unwilling to sacrifice personal standing for the greater good of all, men such as Chang presently became an easy target for the coming backlash. Simply because it was the most accessible and immediately effective tool aff orded to communist revolutionaries, violence became the most important means by which the marginalized would repel their oppressors. Violence seems to satiate (at least temporarily) the anger and helplessness felt by the poor of China. The roles of victim and perpetrator could be instantly reversed. The power of action was now in the hands of the oppressed.As Dark Jade put it, This is our day. This means the end of our suffering. The beginning of our hope. (Belden, 289) Although the fact of the matter is that war inherently brings a multitude of violent acts, it is evident that the motives behind communist violence among the peasantry were significantly more powerful than those of their opponents. It was their only chance of evading the black society (Belden, 284) into which they had been thrust. The feats that the CCP accomplished are astounding considering their humble beginnings. Though much of their success is owed to events preceding the civil war, Maos management of his party as well as the fervor with which the communists united and mobilized cannot be discounted.Again, it is my contention that the success of the CCP was due to multiple factors. The first of which was the ability of Mao to strategize the mobilization and unification of the countryside. Secondly, Chiang was unable to effectively manage his political and economic as well as military policies during the Japanese invasion. Finally, the emotional and violent response to Nationalist and feudal repression was of overt importance to the war efforts of the Red Army as well as the advancement of the CCP. When put in perspective the accomplishments of Mao whether social, political, or military are nearly unfathomable.

United States Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

United States result of e firearmcipation EssayIn contemplating the relation of exemption and identity, the Latin maxim libertas non datur sine veritate aptly reminds us that in that location rear end be no freedom without truth. While certain aspects of who we atomic number 18, much(prenominal) as nationality or cultural ancestry, may be cul? turally or serendipitously determined, there is a truth to hu? opus personality which, if non observed, corrupts or destroys life and any exercise of freedom dependent upon it. pitying personality and the natural police force it reflects ar inescapable, and, insofar as the Constitution of the United States was consciously fashioned with an outline of hu hu bitkind expediteity reputation in mind, natural equity is an in? dispensable aid to priggish constitutional interpretation. This essay explores the design cin one caseption of liberty and its interrelationship with human nature. It then addresses how the Constitutio n reflects these aspects of human nature.Finally, it contains just about concluding perspectives on aspects of human nature beneathstated in the constitutional design and what ought to be done when there are disputing conceptions of human na? ture. I. LIBERTY The insane asylum view of liberty was taken up directly by Ham? ilton.In Fed durationlist 15, Hamilton asks why, if man1 is of course * Caruso Family Chair and Professor of Constitutional virtue, Pepperdine Uni? versity Dean and St. doubting Thomas More Professor, The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law, 20012003 Professor and Director of the Center on Law Govern make believe forcet at the University of Notre Dame, 19801999 Assistant Attorney General and Head of the Office of Legal Counsel, Depart manpowert of Justice, 1985 1989. 1.The use of the masculine in this essay is mean to include the feminine the masculine usage is go on in the essay so as not to raise in the mind of the reader any inference t hat the thoughts demonstrateed are somehow at odds with the quoted material from the founding period, which reflected a different custom in 34 Harvard Journal of Law commonplace indemnity Vol. 29 free,2 has gradement been instituted at all? 3 Hamiltons an? swer is blunt and rests squarely on a claim about human na? ture.Government is instituted, Hamilton asserts, because the erotic loves of men provide not conform to the dictates of flat coat and justice without constraint. 4 Liberty without restraint will not lead to private or public serious. How does Hamilton know this? Well, he says, just look around and further, if the secernate of our own eyes does not convince us and we seek something beyond this empirical claim, he urges us to draw yet an otherwise inference about human natureIt is to be expected that men in a collective or group will act badly because the regard to reputation has a less ac? tive influence. 5 Think about it, Hamilton admonishes Liberty will be badl y utilise if joining together obscures accountability. Moreover, a spirit of f perform will aggravate these intrinsic human aspects, thereby magnifying the resulting harms. 6 In a group, we will ally with others of the homogeneouss of mind in a unblushing way to disadvantage or harm others. We will be inclined to use our liberty to lock improprieties and excesses, for which we would blush in a private capacity.7 The desire for liberty to be intimately employ, once we the people were united in governmental society, greatly motivated the Foun? ders. It will be argued below that this founding conception of liberty informed by human nature accounts for much of the constitutional structure and the express limitations upon gov? ernment power in spite of appearance and appended to it. The justification for the new Constitution is forth goodly anchored in the mainte? nance of human nature as the great principle of egotism? preservation.8 As such, the precondition for liberty to be u sed well is honoring the core principle of preserving the truth of oneself-importancea mesmerism t speed upable, as Federalist 43 expressly af? using the masculine pronoun alone, moreover if which this author believes is applicable to all persons without gender distinction. 2. Note that any other presup localization is counterfactual, except to extreme be? haviorists. chink, e. g. , Thomas Szasz, Against BehaviorismA Review of B. F. Skinners more or less Behaviorism, 5 PSYCHOL. notES (1991), available at http//www.libertarian. co. uk/lapubs/psycn/psycn005. pdf. 3. THE FEDERALIST NO. 15, at 110 (Alexander Hamilton) (Clinton Rossiter ed. , 1961). 4. Id. 5. Id. at 111. 6. Id. 7. Id. 8. THE FEDERALIST NO. 43 (James Madison), higher up note 3, at 279. No. 1 The Human character of Freedom and indistinguishability 35 firms, to the transcendent integrity of disposition and of Natures God upon which the nation is founded and all human action de? pends.9 The straits whether identity is a limitation or starting point for freedom may be a puzzler for twenty?first century man, just now it is an easier question when tossed the way of Pub? lius. The authors of The Federalist Papers knew human nature or identity to be the starting point for human freedom or liberty. II. human NATURE What is the law of nature? An early twentieth century lec? turer put matters nicely Every life-time creature is the embodiment of some form of natural law. Its duration of life depends upon its obedience to the law of its nature, as embodied in its organism.It animateds by being itself, by persisting in being itself, and when it vio?lates the law of the sorting of being it is, it renounces life and perishes . . . . All animated beings are subject to the laws of cause and imprint, as Nature has positivist them for each species . . . . In any complex organization, like human soci? ety, something must be freely granted to the individual. This is what we miserly politically by liberty . On the other hand, something must be insisted upon for the benefit of the group. This is what we mean by law, in its social sense . . ..Without liberty, there is no initiative, and hence no progress. Without law, there is no survival of the group. 10 It is within the will of man to scram positive law either ad? vance human nature or undermine it. It would be a mistake, however, to suppose that the concepted, positive law of soci? ety can disregard the law of nature without consequence. We can construct governments and other social structures beyond our individual natures, barely these perform well only if natures truths are observed.What we must never forget is that Nature never ceases to govern and that, if men wish to govern, they must govern under Natures Laws, or they will be doomed to failure. 11 9. Id. 10. DAVID JAYNE HILL, HU art object NATURE IN THE CONSTITUTION 2425 (1926). 11. Id. at 29. 36 A. Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy Vol. 29 Human Liberty or veneratea ble Derived from untrue Duty The founding generation was studied in the dismal history of societies that sought the false freedom of governing against human nature.If one begins the history of human government with the patriarchal clan, one sees force, but smaller acknowl? edgment of human liberty or freedom. 12 As the clan gave way to various forms of warrior chiefs and kingships, there was a natural mindfulness of the well? being of ones group. Several thousand years originally Christ, Hammurabis famous effectual code would describe the clan leader as a sheepherder chosen to care for the people and cause them to dwell in peace and security, that the great should not subdue the weak.13 The Greeks would give a name to these assumed natural duties of care, and these in turn would later go away encapsulated into the notion of rights or liberties. Rights, therefore, arose as correlatives from the apprehensioned objection of mans intellect when leaders defaulted on their expected duty of care and ir clear-sightedly de? prived man of the necessary goods or sustenance to survive. Stoic philosophers like Cicero would bring this conception of human right or liberty derived from duty to Rome, but, with Romes fall, idle kings once again obscured the concept of natural rights.It would not re? emerge until the American Founders decided to prove a government upon human nature and its associated rights. B. Affirmation of Creation as Source of Natural Right or Liberty When . . . the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, and a decent respect to the opinions of man affable re? quires . . . .14 With these words, the Founders gave explana? tion not only for the formation of a new sovereignty, but also the human liberty the newly established United States sought to advance.It was an explanation premised upon the pro? claimed truth that man is not self? creation, but created. That the handiwork of the causality came with a conscious endow? ment of unalienable rightslife, liberty, and the interest group of happinessled to the conclusion that any governmental form 12. This is not to say that force within the clan was always contrary to human nature. 13.HILL, supra note 10, at 37 (quoting Hammurabis legal code from approximately 2250 B. C. ). 14. THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE para. 1 (U. S. 1776). No. 1 The Human Nature of Freedom and Identity 37 that followed would need to gather in one overriding end to secure human nature and the rights associated with it. on that point is much speculation as to why America in the late Eighteenth Century was the locale of natural law rediscovery. Possibly, it was the wide sweep of land, and nature, itself, that the colonists daily inhabited and sought to harness.Perhaps it was the extraordinary discoveries of the era in natural light. Or it may simply have been that no people so foreign from their country of origin could rationally continue to think of them? selves as subjects. American colonist s were persons make outing natural liberty. However it was, the American colonists came upon this idea in their own way . . . . It was the result of their own experience in self? government, match with their faith that their human nature had a Divine origin and involved a good duty of which freedom was a necessary corre? late.15 If freedom, and the new government that aspired to it, were to be guided by human nature, then that nature would need to be understood. At a very basic level, giving proper attribution to a Creator put human nature off? limits to human redefini? tion16 and secured unalienable rights against the government,17 but a workable government would require some greater identi? 15. HILL, supra note 10, at 5152. 16. Such attempted human redefinition of truth, unfortunately, is all too common. For instance, disputes abound over what legal protection to tend to an uninnate(p) child ever since Roe v.Wade, 410 U. S. 113 (1973), but the legal dispute has absolutely no e ffect on the truth of the childs humanity. So too, any association of persons can be lawfully called a marriage, but such domination has no effect on the truth of what marriage is in terms of conjugal unity and procreative potential. Moreover, because legal assertions have no discernible power to redefine the natural essence of these matters, man ought not to seek to have positive law and nature work toward different ends.Justice James Wilson, who signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, sagely counseled that law can never attain either the extent or the elevation of a science, unless it be raised upon the science of man. JAMES WILSON, Man as an IndividualAbstractly Treated, in 1 THE whole kit OF JAMES WILSON 206, 207 (James DeWitt Andrews ed. , 1896). It was unambiguous in the 1850s that black men and women were human. Nonetheless, the law pointedly chose to treat them inhumanly. The bloody consequences of the laws impudence in ignoring human nature ar e etched in history.17. See Thomas L. Pangle, The Philosophic Understandings of Human Nature Informing the Constitution, in CONFRONTING THE CONSTITUTION 9, 74 (Allan Bloom ed. , 1990) (This means . . . while the majority retains imperious political power, it does not retain and never had unlimited power. The supreme (irresistible) power governing each rational persons behavior is the desire for self? preservation and every individual retains the inalienable right to resist perceived threats to his property and existence, no matter what the source of those threats. ). 38Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy Vol. 29 fication of the particulars of human nature. A few of these par? ticulars are explored below. III. MAN IS FREE, BUT NOT APART FROM OR ABOVE, SOCIETY In the ordinal and Eighteenth Centuries, it was under? stood that man was not intended to live alone, but in society. Of course, part of this sociability was a product of pure neces? sity. From his beginning man was born in to society, and without it he could never have been. Helpless in his isolation, he could be exterminated even by swarms of insects.18 however the yearning for community was more than a utilitarian means of defense against predaceous animals or other threats to physical existence. The Founders read Aristotle and accepted his propo? sition that man is by nature a political animal . . . . There is . . . a natural impulse in all men towards an association with others. 19 This natural desire, according to Aristotle, arose from two sources reasoned reflection on right and wrong (which is only a comprehensible exercise in relation to others) and our love of others. 20 A.Jefferson Man Has a lesson common sense Developed Out of Service to Others Thomas Jefferson most notably made eccentric to mans so? cial side, observing in correspondence to stool Adams that man is an animal destined to live in society. 21 For this reason, Jef? ferson would deliberately criticize the anti? social, ato mistic conceptions of Hobbes as a humiliation to human nature. 22 Thomas Pangle records that Jefferson had derived from the Enlightenment philosopher Helvetius that we experience pleasure when we aid or even when we seem to sacrifice for others.23 Jefferson was not fully satisfied that Helvetius had explained the origin of the pleasure derived from the service to 18. HILL, supra note 10, at 17. 19. ARISTOTLE, THE administration 1011 (Ernest Barker trans. , 1995). 20. Id. at 106. 21. Letter from Thomas Jefferson to gutter Adams (Oct. 14, 1816), in 2 THE ADAMS? JEFFERSON letter 492 (Lester J. Cappon ed. , 1959). 22. Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Frances Gilmer (June 7, 1816), in THE WRITINGS OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 24 (Albert Ellery Bergh ed., 1905).23. THOMAS L. PANGLE, THE SPIRIT OF MODERN REPUBLICANISM THE honorableistic VISION OF THE AMERICAN FOUNDERS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF LOCKE 120 (1988). No. 1 The Human Nature of Freedom and Identity 39 others and was unprepared to ascribe th e origin of mans moral sense solely to God since that would withdraw from unaccounted for the moral sense or like sensation in a disbeliever. Therefore, on a philosophical level, Jefferson would conclude that, like other aspects of the moral sense in man, nature simply reveals the pleasure of service.24 As he grew older, Jefferson would come to value tranquility over continued public service,25 but he would continue to lean upon the theorem that the pursuit of happi? ness was dependent upon the virtue of knowing oneself and being useful to others. The moral instinct that inclines us to do good out of a love of others is, Jefferson would conclude, the brightest gem with which the human function is studded, and the want of it as more degrading than the most hideous of bodily deformities. 26 B.Wilson Man Has Moral Sense Because He Has an Innate Conscience James Wilson would question Jeffersons reliance upon the pleasure or utility of serving others as a sufficiently reliable ba? sis for the development of a moral sense. Unlike Jefferson, Wil? son would insist that human nature intrinsically includes not only a desire to be social and socially useful, but also a con? science. 27 Relying upon Thomas Aquinas by way of Richard Hooker, Wilson would insist that it is conscience that guides reason.28 The first principles of virtue are self? evident to man, and, were it otherwise, most men would find the pursuit of vir? tue to be impossible and beyond their capacity. Wilsons supplement to innate conscience contrasts with John Locke, who, in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, opines that not even the Golden blueprint is innately known. Locke is a lot quoted in a way that makes his writing seem highly relativistic, and certainly the statement, conscience . . . is noth? ing else, but our own Opinion, seems to be just that.29 Locke was obviously a stronger influence on Jefferson than on Wil? 24. See id. 25. Pangle quotes Jefferson as advising a young James Monroe that public service and private misery are inseparably united together. Id. at 121. 26. Id. at 120. 27. Id. at 12122. 28. JAMES WILSON, Of the General Principles of Law and Obligation, in SELECTED POLITICAL ESSAYS OF JAMES WILSON 215, 22224 (Randolph G. Adams ed. , 1930). 29. stern LOCKE, AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING 70 (Peter H. Nidditch ed., 1975) (1689).40 Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy Vol. 29 son, as Lockes denial of conscience as innate fits nicely with Jeffersons proposition that men always inquire further to seek an underlying reason for a moral rule. 30 For Jefferson again, it was the utility of service that brought happiness, not following an inner voice guided by an objective, knowable virtue. Locke would as well as write that power and riches, nay Vertue sic it self, are valued only as Conducing to our Happiness.31 C. Mans Created Nature Bridges Jefferson and Wilson But Jefferson (and Locke) may not be as far from Wilson as it first would seem. Wha t unifies them is reference to the tran? scendent. All three concede that acknowledgment of a Creator influences mans moral sense. Locke makes iterate reference to mans creation, and Jeffersons endowed by their Creator reference in the Declaration is well known. Nevertheless, Jef? ferson is sometimes described as a materialist, a term he bor?rowed from Locke, or often as a deist. These terms obscure more than they clarify because it was Jeffersons concession of a Creator God that had real consequence for filling out his con? ception of human nature. As Father John Hardon, S. J. , wrote in apprising the so? called Jefferson Bible, the Life and Morals of Je? sus of Nazareth That Jefferson believed in God is evident first from his misrepresent acceptance of the teachings of Christ on the subject, the Lords Prayer, the Eight Beatitudes, the Parables of the Un?just Steward and the Ten Talents, the oratory on the Mountall of which presuppose a belief in the existence of God, the Creato r of heaven and earth.Correlative with this goes the belief in prayer and some kind of Providence, and to that extent, at least, an acceptance of some kind of grace, requested for example in the petition, Deliver us from evil, in the Pater Noster. Also the Morals of Jesus allows us to conclude that Jeffer? son believed in some sort of future life, where the good are rewarded and the wicked punished.in any event the Parables of Lazarus and Dives, of the Pharisee and Publican, and the Wedding Feast, Jefferson accepted and extracted the whole discourse of Christ about the Day of Judgment, in the twenty? fifth chapter of Matthew, not excluding the classic 30. See id. at 65. 31. John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, in THE EDUCATIONAL WRITINGS OF gutter LOCKE 109, 249 (James Axtell ed. , 1968). No. 1 The Human Nature of Freedom and Identity 41 verse 46, in which Christ foretellsThese will go into ever?lasting punishment, but the just into everlasting life. 32 What, then, of Jeffersons self? exposition as a materialist in the Lockean sense? Hardon writes that it was not a denial of the spirituality of the human soul, but merely the humble con? fession that there is no human proof anchored solely in reason of the souls spiritual nature. 33 Hardons explanation is persua? sive.Even though Locke (and by adjunct Jefferson) was un? able to prove the imprint of a moral sense in man and questioned whether reason is naturally inclined toward seek?ing the good, as Aquinas taught, Locke nevertheless insisted on the existence of natural law, knowable only by means of the Divine creator and legislator. 34 By this, Locke meant that hu? man beings are the creation or workmanship of God there? fore, they belong to God and are His property.From this declared status as created beings, a set of prescrip? tions under the natural law can be deduced. For example, the presupposition of creation allows man to deduce moral pre? cepts in support of unalienable rights derived o ut of his rela?tionship with a Creator? Owner and other created human beings. These moral precepts themselves then encourage habits of virtue, especially including Jeffersons insight of service to others. Habits of virtue yield happiness. Disregard the presup? position of man as a created being, however, and think of man as his own self? creation financial support outside or above society, and the process would work in reverse unhappiness resulting from practices of vice and self? interest unchecked by any moral sense derived from human nature.Without the public ac?knowledgment of mans created nature, the derivation of moral sense would be impossible, because there would then be no 32. Fr. John A. Hardon, S. J. , The Jefferson Bible, AM. ECCLESIASTICAL REV. , June 1954, available at http//www. catholicculture. org/docs/doc_view. cfm? recnum? 6040. 33. See id. John Locke writes, we do not owe our origin to ourselves . . . . JOHN LOCKE, QUESTIONS CONCERNING THE LAW OF NATURE 161 (Rob ert Horowitz et al. trans. , Cornell Univ. Press 1990) (1664).Locke was sure that this is not a religious doctrine, even as such doctrines may confirm the truth of our argument that man can, by making use of sense and reason together, arrive at knowledge of some su? preme power . . . . Id. at 165. Locke admitted that reason may prompt some to doubt Gods existence, but he said there exists nowhere a race so barbarous, so far removed from all humanity that is not suited to infer from rational things that there exists some powerful and wise being who has jurisdiction and power over men themselves. Id. at 165, 167. 34.See Michael P. Zuckert, Do Natural Rights Derive from Natural Law? , 20 HARV. J. L. PUB. POLY 695, 721 (1997). 42 Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy Vol. 29 stable conception of human nature. Human nature would, of course, be factually constant, but insofar as it would be subject to legal redefinition by those in the possession of force, it would not yield moral clar ity for public or private decision. Of course, man is not assured of happiness merely by public acknowledgment of his created nature. When man enacts laws or undertakes personal action in defiance of that created na?ture, he is acting in a way that is contrary to a state of happi? ness.For this reason, if a government of law is to be successful, it must be formed to meet the universe of discourse of mans nature a reality which recognizes both mans created nobility and rebelling imperfection. Hence, Wilson insightfully comments Government is the scaffolding of society and if society could be built and kept entire without government, the scaf? folding might be propel down, without the least inconven? ience or cause of regret.Government is, indeed, highly necessary .. . to a fallen state. Had man continued innocent, society, without the aids of government, would have shed its benign influence even over the bowers of Paradise. 35 he Founders believed man had not continued innocent T and so shaped American government to meet his shortcom? ings. IV. MANS IMPERFECT NOBILITY The seventeenth? to? eighteenth? century period out of which the Constitution emerged was, as Arthur O. Lovejoy records, a period of transition between the denigration of man and the celebration of his potential.36 Theologians and religious writers re object the Founders of mans creation in the image and like? ness of God and mans marvellous destiny, but one satire writer after another demonstrated that man, in action, failed regularly to live up to this nobility. These satires of the Seven? teenth Century were but the flowering of earlier writing. Father James Gillis writes Shakespearethe myriad? minded Shakespeareprobably knew man better than any other poet or dramatist or phi? losopher. Certainly he made a life study of man he tracked 35.JAMES WILSON, Of the Study of Law in the United States, in SELECTED POLITICAL ESSAYS OF JAMES WILSON, supra note 28, at 210. 36. See ARTHUR O. LOVEJOY, REF LECTIONS ON HUMAN NATURE 20 (1961). No. 1 The Human Nature of Freedom and Identity 43 every emotion and mood and thought and passion of man to its secret lair in the human heart, dragged it out, incarnated it in man or woman, king, peasant, soldier, student, lover, clown, clothed it in ermine or fustian or in grievers weeds, and made it strut and fret its hour upon the stage. If ever a man revealed ourselves to ourselves, it was that all?But? omniscient Shakespeare. But even he was compelled in the end to confess that he couldnt function the riddle of man. Wit? ness the famous monologue, what a piece of work is man continuing how like an angel but concluding, this quintessence of dust 37 A. Man Rationalizes Himself as an Exception The Self? stakes Problem Thirty years before the Declaration, the French writer Mar? quis de Vauvenargues noted how much we enjoy pointing out human defect, thinking we can somehow exempt ourselves from the same criticism.Vauvenargues lamented, We ar e so forward that we imagine we can separate our personal interest from that of humanity in general, and malign the hu? man race without implicating ourselves. 38 n response to this criticism, man would assert as a defense I his lading to reason. However, one would have to cau? tiously wonder if reason was itself rationalization and self? deception. Man reaches a conclusion favoring passion over rea? son, then finds reasons to justify the passion and deceives him?self into thinking the reasons discovered were the cause for the initial decision. Again, satirists of the Seventeenth Century regularly pointed out that the passions always seek to justify themselves and persuade us insensibly that we have reason for following them. The gratification and pleasure to which they give rise in the mind which should be mind them, corrupt its judgment in their favor. 39 hese insights were best represented in the founding genera? T tion by John Adams. He observed that men tend to act first and think after.Men have a tendency to flatter themselves, and Ad? ams thought this self? deception was responsible for many ca? 37. JAMES M. GILLIS, THIS MYSTERIOUS HUMAN NATURE 5 (1956) (quoting WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, HAMLET act 2, sc. 2). 38. LOVEJOY, supra note 36, at 20 (citation omitted). 39. Id. at 26. 44 Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy Vol. 29 lamities. 40 Caught up in the various political controversies of his day, Adams wondered why those against him sought to blacken and discredit his motives, rather than address under? lying issues.41 This trait of human nature has not changed. 42 B. A Government to turn Perfection from Imperfect Human Nature Richard Hooker had faithfully recorded the noble, but imper? fect, aspects of human nature Laws politic, ordained for external order . . . are never framed as they should be, unless presuming the will of man to be inwardly obstinate, rebellious, and averse from all obedience unto the sacred laws of nature in a word, unless presumi ng man to be in regard of his depraved mind little better than a wild beast, they do because provide not?Withstanding so to frame his outward actions, that they be no hindrance unto the common good for which societies are instituted unless they do this, they are not perfect. 43 et all was not lost. God had created a universe by counter? Y balancing the forces of physical science, as Newton explained, and man could likewise construct a successful polity by follow? ing His model. So the Constitution came to be, following this instruction of residuum or balance, reflected in the planets as well as literature.The Founders, already having declared their fidelity to the Laws of Nature and Natures God, pro? 40. See generally JOHN ADAMS, ON SELF? DELUSION, in 3 THE WORKS OF JOHN ADAMS, SECOND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 432, 43336 (Charles C. Little James Brown eds. 1851). 41. Id. at 436. 42. Why, for instance, did environmental groups seek to demonize then? Judge John Roberts as anti ? environment because of his dissent in Rancho Viejo v. Norton, 334 F. 3d 1158 (D. C. Cir. 2003), rather than take up the jurisprudential difficulty that animated the Supreme Court decisions upon which preced.

Mass Communications Essay Example for Free

Mass Communications Es scanCommunication has developed and still continues to develop. Over the centuries, many forms of talk l spiken developed that have made the transmission of messages among people faster and more efficient. These include the wireless, television, the bulls eye media as surface as telephones. With technology and globalization improving at a fast rate, sure factors have influenced the way these different channels of communicating operate in ensuring their auditions argon satisfied with the operate they offer and also the media houses make profits. Some of the trends affecting the delivery of content are convergence, increasing listening control, and media mobility. The focus of this essay is to analyze the impact and relevance of convergence, increasing audience control and media convergence on Radio. Radio is a means of communicating by using electromagnetic waves or frequencies to detect signals and convert them to sound and its history of receivi ng set can be dated back in the late nineteenth century.Back then, the radio set receiver was a simple device whose usefulness was seen during the wars and battles as it was used to send telegraphic messages to people fighting in far places. Since then, radio has developed and is used for another(prenominal) purposes such(prenominal) as educating, advertising, relying information and entertaining people. In addition, it has created a livelihood for many people who depend on it. ? convergence Convergence refers to the way in which diverse communication systems are linked so as to promote faster and transgress ways or relaying information. Basically, it is the merging of technologies.In media, convergence is the linking of technology with media content as tumefy as the communication networks. As technological improvements continue to advance as each sidereal day passes, people in the radio business have embraced the changes and have become better. Radios initially used to be b ig equipments but they have been modified and transformed such that they can be small as the size if a pen. Convergence promptlyadays is seen by how the internet has linked up with radio such that people from any corner of the world can listen to different radio post in other countries.Before the internet came to use in 1969, people could only listen to radio stations within their regions. The arrival of in the altogether digital communication technologies have facilitated the delivery of digital signals through various platforms and improved audio visual quality (Chan-Olmsted, 2006). With the advancements in digital technology and the internet, people can now choose on what they would uniform to listen and from anywhere. Internet has enabled people to listen to music online, download and transfer whatever they like.Moreover, it has generated new experiences both socially and business wise such that people from different regions collect and interact and businesses can adverti se their products to more people thus expanding their markets. Convergence is also being raise in radio in through pod casting such that individuals can download their darling programs on MP3 players. The disadvantages that come with convergence is that mobiles such as the iphone and the internet are taking over the functions of the radio networks are slowly being eroded away.For radio stations to be able to tap on the convergence advantages , they need to have experts working for them that is the employees, employers as well as the private consultants who advice them. This depart be good because they will always be keen and updated on what is happening so that they know whish areas need to be improved on or the ways in which technology will be incorporated into the system. Moreover, professional consultants will advice them on what competitors are doing so that the can also try uniform strategies.? Increasing audience control Nowadays, the audience curiously the younger genera tion that is technologically more modern and conversant with how things work influences the activities of radio stations. This is because what they listen to, read or watch determines there preferences. Although they have a variety of things to choose from, they are influencing time, prices and the portability of media use (Chan-Olmsted, 2006). These preferences make them request or demand for programs they like and steady suggest for what things they would like to see.Since the audience is means everything to the radio owners, they are forced to give in to their customers requests. This has enabled radio stations to benefit from the customers ideas as they always work on improving their services and retain their audiences. The shortcomings of audience control is that media houses need to change the way they operate so as to meet the demands of customers and at the alike(p) time offer quality services.In doing so, they will have to invest on the latest machinery and technologies and sometimes they have to overstretch their budgets to do away with the pressure or sometimes they do not have the funds hence they risk losing their audience. Media houses have to contemplate on how to internalize new technology and be responsive to the new media audience. Another disadvantage is that the audience once they do not get what they want, they will opt to down load things on the internet or shift to their competitors. ? Media MobilityMedia mobility refers to the ease with which the technologies in communication can be accommodated and enhanced so as to diversify the uses of the radio. The radio while being function as a communication channel also links technologies with customers, markets and technology. The globalization of mobility directly involves the way in which service integration and network integration relate to one another (Hardy, Malleus Mereur, 2002). Mobility can be seen in the way the radio is incorporated with various devices making it more portable and more elastic thus increasing the rate of acceptance.Most mobile phones nowadays have evolved and have radios. This was mainly a marketing strategy used by the mobile companies to attract the younger generation and we can say that it has helped in expanding the usage of telephone. Furthermore, some DVDs especially home theaters and televisions have been modified to perform many functions and the radio is one of them. The usage of radio has expanded to accommodate many things and people are always burning to know what will come next. All these coupled by various enhancements such as the ear pieces have made radio more attractive.The disadvantages that come with incorporating all these new things is that the focus shifts from the radio to the other devices as it is being used to complement the other functions of the device. In addition, the costs of certain software and hardware is high therefore this limits research at times especially now when the global economy and markets ar e not doing well. To tap on the advantages, radio companies will need to be regularly updated on new technologies as well as invest in training and educating their staff so that they become better at what they do as well as find better marketing strategies.In addition, radio companies need to budget properly so that they have enough funds to run their businesses as well as accommodate new strategies that are beneficial to the business. Conclusion These factors have greatly impacted the things we secure and what we listen to. Moreover, they influenced and enabled businesses to develop and grow as they do their advertisements, promotions and marketing strategies using it. I as well as other Americans have been exposed to a variety of products thus making it easier to purchase commodities especially those manufactured in far off areas.We therefore need to support the work done by researchers as well as radio stations so as to benefit through things like media mobility which link the o ld and new systems.References Chan-Olmsted, S. M. (2006), Competitive Strategy for Media Firms Strategic and Brand Management in ever-changing Media Markets. Routledge, p. 204 Hardy, D. , Malleus, G. Mereur. J. N. (2002). Networks Internet, Telephony, Multimedia Convergences and Complementarities. Translated by Michael Byrne,De Boeck Universite