Social Media Essay Online PDF - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 360 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Telecommunication Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Children Essay Influence Essay Did you like this example? Analysis of Childrens Television Introduction The amount of violent images in movies is staggering. Unfortunately, many children are exposed to these violent scenes on a daily basis as they watch and play the video games. Prime time television is also not without its share of blame in this issue (Parents Television Council, 2006). Even more shocking is the fact that programming designed specifically for children also contains violence. But violence is not the only vice plaguing childrens programs. Adult language, sexual content, trash talking, disrespect and bullying are also present. Much of the violence in children cartoons is classified as fantasy violence. However, it is important to note that the fact that this violence is classified as fantasy does not in any way diminish its negative impact on the viewer (Parents Television Council, 2006). The effects of violence on cartoon programs are insidious. In contemporary cartoons, the issue of language mainly is se en in verbal abuse. It is very common in cartoons, and involves children-children, adult-adult and children-adult. Use of euphemisms is also very common. An aspect of abusive language is put-down which also manifests itself as bullying. Another dimension in use of language involves disrespect for parents and authority. Use of excretory content is also a big issue (Parents Television Council, 2006). There is frequent allusion to bodily functions, which children find amusing. Negative behaviors and attitudes which children are exposed to in television programming is also a major issue. Content issues in this category include bullying, peer pressure, disrespect and defiance. Indeed, there is much more bullying in cartoon than in live action programs! An even more disturbing issue is the amount of adult-oriented scenes in animated children programs (Parents Television Council, 2006). Bullying, violence, abusive language, sensual scenes are overarching issues in children television p rograms. There is a connection between these and current culture around the world (Parents Television Council, 2006). The inclusion of these in the study is beneficial in shedding light of these issues. The insidious effects of these issues encouraged in children programs may be mitigated through increased studies. Reference Parents Television Council. (2006). A Content Analysis of Children’s Television. WOLVES IN SHEEP’S CLOTHING, (I), 1-28. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Media Essay Online PDF" essay for you Create order

The Effects Of Healthy And Unhealthy Relationships

Through this reflection I will discuss the impact of both healthy and unhealthy relationships have had upon my personal life. Through the examples of my father and my youth pastor Steve I will explore how my image of God as a father has grown and developed and how healthy and unhealthy relationships have changed that. I will begin by reflecting on my unhealthy relationship with my father and the negative impact that has had on my image of God. Secondly I will reflect on my healthy relationship with Steve and the positive impact that has had on my image of God. Finally, I will reflect on how this has impacted my personal and spiritual growth as well as how I approach relationships. Session One of Spiritual Formation 2 states that Relationships provide meaning and purpose to our existence. They can also contribute positively to an individual’s sense of security, self-esteem and well-being. If relationships can contribute positively to an individual s sense of security, self-esteem and well-being then they can also contribute to those things in a negative way. During my childhood my father was constantly absent due to work and because of that I always felt like he didn t care about my passions and never felt supported by him. As a younger male I wanted a significant male in my life not only to love me unconditionally but also to like me and want to be around me. Someone who would teach me secret men s business , would tell me they are proud of me and with whom I couldShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Family Systems On Healthy Development1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Affects of Family Systems on Healthy Development Relationship between Family Systems and Development Family systems are essential to the healthy development of a child. Family systems and development go hand in hand. Children who come from a healthy family system are more likely to have a healthy development. 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The family consists of many synergistic and intricate parts, creating a unified working system. Within the family system, each individual plays an important role in its healthy or unhealthy development, needs, desire, and specific family type, and overall success. â€Å"From whom the whole body, joined and held togetherRead MoreOrganizational Culture Assesment1717 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment Life is stressful and the value of the healthy organization is measured by the quality of the work-life balance of the employees. Even the best-managed organizations have stressors occurring on the regular and the irregular periods. Those regular stressors, such as quarterly reports or financial tides are expected. The unplanned and often unsuspected stressors occur within the organization. These unplanned stressors will create chaos and an unhealthy organization. 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Strategic enterprise architecture management - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic enterprise architecture management. Answer: Introduction Nestle has an organized board of structure which is generally led by chairman Paul Bulcke who is known to be former CEO of Nestle. Management on day to day basis is used by Nestle business and is generally taken care with the help of Executive board. The designated board members of Nestle focus on managing the diverge portion of global business (Ahlemann et al., 2012). The food service of Nestle was built in the year of 1976 and evolved out to be Nestle Professional in the year of 2008 with various partner with various food servicing operation in and out of home management. Nestle food and beverage professional offers a range of solution like Maggi, Nestle Milkmaid, Nestle everyday its large range of consumers. In the coming pages of the report current processes of Nestle has been discussed in brief in the coming pages of the report. All the current gaps present in Nestle has been identified and new system has been suggested which will over the gaps present in this organization. A definition has been provided regarding the specific issues which this organization will overcome has been discussed in details in coming pages of the report. The requirements behind the information system strategy has been stated in this report. Discussion Current process Nestle is a manufacturing which mainly includes certain process which generally turns raw material into a safe and nutrition product for its consumer from different region of the world (Bente, Bombosch Langade, 2012). This has become possible with the help of Nestle Environment Management system (NEMS) which will ultimately help improving the products and after that providing certain methods through an initiative named Nestle Continuous Excellence (NCE). The ultimate notion of NCE is also known as 3C. Excellent in compliance in terms of legal and internal factor. Providing better services and products by sharing their sustainability aims and objectives in the communication for brand. Providing competitive advantage by making use of zero waste and improvisation efficiency of water and energy. By the year of 2030 the aims and objective of this organization is to look for zero impact in environment. Efficiency in the manufacturing domain in considered to be critical factor for achieving the ambition (Bernard, 2012). The life cycle assessment relates us to the fact regarding the amount of energy used in manufacturing of products. Greatest efficiency has obtained by making use of five important parameters namely sustainability, quality, availability, safety and lastly cost. Any Gap The product quality of other food processing of Australia and other products which are sold by company is considered to be premium value and so the products are considered to be expensive than which are locally available in the market of Australia. This organization is an Australian but this is a Switzerland based with many Australian consumers who are not too much familiar with various products (Bernus, Nemes, Schmidt, 2012). The demand of products offered by Nestle is considered to be very less as this is foreign product on the land of Australia. Only people belonging to the upper class of the society have the right to make use of products. In many cases it is seen that the quality of product offered by Nestle is considered to be low. Specific Issue which the new system will overcome Technologies are considered to be important factor for RD in Nestle. This organization claim to have of various engineers working in RD in large number of domains which ranges from packaging to processing of food technologies (Bradley et al., 2012). In the last it focusses on manufacturing of new beverage products like Nespresso and many other products. Apart from engineers the food has developed certain process and technologies which ultimately helps in development of safe, nutrition products and beverage with proper maintenance in the development of food and technology. Fermentation and probiotics: Research center of Nestle was considered to one of first factor for looking into the molecular interaction with probiotics and cells of intestinal. Healthier fats: Nestle claims to develop technologies which allows to make use of natural vegetable oils instead of making use of partially hydrogenated fats in various products in Maggi with cups and seasoning. Extraction of malt: Nestle have developed some new processes which is used for extraction of Malt which means that the manufactured product will have more complex carbohydrate and less amount of sucrose. Information System Strategy Strategic information system at any level of organization are nothing but computer system which are designed to make changes in goals, products, services, operation and relation with environment which will help the organization having competitive advantage (Fischer, Aier Winter, 2015). This type of system is generally considered to be a power tool which is used by organization for staying ahead in a competition. SIS (Strategic information system) are generally used for providing strategic goals for an organization. It mainly aims increasing performance and productivity of an organization (Foorthuis Brinkkemper, 2015). The different types of strategic information system used are outward system, inward system, hybrid system, strategic alliances. Outward system: It focuses to provide a tough competition with the organization which are present in the industry. Inward system: It mainly works for enhancing the competitive place or position is an organization by mainly increasing the productivity for the employee, improvising the teamwork, enhancing the method of communication between the various components of an organization. Strategic Alliance: Two or more sharing a common share in a SIS. Implementation of (Strategic information System) SIS can be considered to be risky with a large value of investment (Franke, Johnson Knig, 2014). Strategic information System makes use of Porter and Millar framework which is ultimately used for planning and development of strategy behind the use of SIS. Strategic information system is considered to be difficult for building as it is expensive, risky one for building as it is time consuming, can be easily copied by any other organization (Gibson Akhgar, 2017). Implementation of strategic information system generally requires changes on basis of organization with a transition from one sociotechnical level to next level. There is generally no single value which encompasses all the strategic information system on the contrary there are certain of strategy at various levels namely business, firm and level of industry (Iacob et al., 2014). For each level of business strategy there are some particular strategic uses of system. There are generally three level of strategy business level strategy, firm level strategy and industry level strategy. Business Level Strategy: The most well-known strategic at this level are to become low cost producer, to differentiate product and services, changing the idea or scope of competition by either making markets or global markets by focusing on small areas which are served by various competitors (Jallow et al., 2017). Various digital firms from different regions of the globe focus on supporting strategy at business level by managing supply chain, creating efficient customer system and taking part in web services for delivering products and services to the market. Firm Level Strategy: Synergy are defined as some of units which is used as input to other outputs between two organizations can help in pooling of markets and expert which provides relation between lower cost and generation of profits. One method of IT is to make use of synergy situation for disparate units of business so they can act as a whole. Competitive Force Model: It is generally used for explaining the interaction of various kinds of external influences, particularly the threats and opportunities which can affect the strategy of an organization and its capability to compete with other organization (Nrman, Buschle Ekstedt, 2014). This particular strategy has been developed by various organization for improvisation of competitive edge. There are mainly five forces which are associated with namely Threats from new competitors Bargaining from list of power suppliers. Bargaining power of various customers Threats of various substitute products Need of such strategy Marketing information system is generally divided into four zones namely internal accounting system, marketing intelligence system, research system for marketing and analytical system related to it. This kind of strategy is used for buying various kinds of raw materials like cocoa for producing, marketing and selling of products like kit Kat chocolate biscuits and instant coffee and many other business processes for an organization (Simon, Fischbach Schoder, 2013). After the integration of internet strategy around 20% of annual budget will be spent on internet. Nestle claims to have sites for coffee lover and a club Buitoni site for Italian food lovers. Nestle has make use of internet for collecting and leveraging information about various customers and provide initiatives for new marketing. Microsoft platform has some flexibility which allow Nestle for developing components which are based on web architecture. The above mentioned strategy will provide a number of benefits like increased productivity, reduction of cost, enhancement of flexibility, advancement in the field of intelligence and lastly improved personalization Revenue Cycle Nestle understands the need of revenue cycle and it also needs some amount of break regarding it. Revenue cycle transformation helps in having engagement and this ultimately aim in increasing the net value cash for various customer in a right way (Simon, Fischbach Schoder, 2014). This will ultimately have led to improvements which will have millions of dollars that will be provided in the bottom line of the organization. Nestle product and services will ultimately provide an experience team member which comprises of revenue for high skill. Revenue cycle generally consist of three parameters namely onsite recovery of projects, providing staffing to various kinds of solution. Conversion Cycle Analysis of conversion cycle is considered to be an important method for evaluation of efficiency of the operation of an organization like Nestle. It generally measures how fast an organization converts the value of products into cash. It generally focusses on certain areas like days inventory outstanding, days sales outstanding, days payable outstanding. Financial Cycle Technology ultimately aims in giving better value of performance and also provide greater value of efficiency by making use of various function like big data, cloud and other technologies which are generally considered to be important factor for the future of any organization like Nestle (Zarvi? Wieringa, 2014). It generally focusses on three parameters namely employees for future, upgrading security and saving of dollars. Expenditure Cycle Nestle has spent millions of dollars on the healthcare domain which merely stresses on the fact to submit different processes related to it. It also provides a large number of solution. Providing onsite A/R recovery for possible solution. Office program for possible solution Revenue cycle to be outsource Conclusion From the above discussion it can be easily stated this report is all about identification and structure of an organization named Nestle. Different kinds of services and products provided by this organization has been discussed in brief in the above pages of the report. All the current process and existing gaps has been provided in this report. The nestle group is managed by various zones collectively known as EMENA (Europe, Middle East, and lastly North Africa), America and regions of Asia which provides major portion of food and beverage products with various exception of globally managed business which is inclusive of Nestle Water, Nestle Nutrition, Nestle Health science and Skin Health. Nestle professional is globally established business with a partner which claim to provide branded food and beverage products and solution that enables operators to innovate and delight the needs of consumers. Nestle professional beverage and products related to food which ultimately provides innov ation and delight to their consumers. Nestle claims to have some joint venture with some cereal partners. The benefits of this new system has been discussed in brief. Constituents and need of information system strategies has been discussed in details in the report. All the four types of problems have been discussed has been discussed in details in the above pages of the report. All the four type of cycle that is revenue cycle, expenditure cycle, conversion cycle and financial cycle has been discussed in detail in the above pages of the report. The history of Nestle and its successful story has been provided in details in the above pages of the report. References Ahlemann, F., Stettiner, E., Messerschmidt, M., Legner, C. (Eds.). (2012).Strategic enterprise architecture management: challenges, best practices, and future developments. Springer Science Business Media. Bente, S., Bombosch, U., Langade, S. (2012).Collaborative enterprise architecture: enriching EA with lean, agile, and enterprise 2.0 practices. Newnes. Bernard, S. A. (2012).An introduction to enterprise architecture. AuthorHouse. Bernus, P., Nemes, L., Schmidt, G. J. (Eds.). (2012).Handbook on enterprise architecture. Springer Science Business Media. Bradley, R. V., Pratt, R. M., Byrd, T. A., Outlay, C. N., Wynn Jr, D. E. (2012). Enterprise architecture, IT effectiveness and the mediating role of IT alignment in US hospitals.Information Systems Journal,22(2), 97-127. Fischer, R., Aier, S., Winter, R. (2015). A federated approach to enterprise architecture model maintenance.Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures,2(2), 14-22. Foorthuis, R., Brinkkemper, S. (2015). Best practices for business and systems analysis in projects conforming to enterprise architecture.Enterprise Modelling and Information Systems Architectures,3(1), 36-47. Franke, U., Johnson, P., Knig, J. (2014). An architecture framework for enterprise IT service availability analysis.Software Systems Modeling,13(4), 1417-1445. Gibson, H., Akhgar, B. (2017, January). Towards an enterprise architecture framework for community policing. InInternational Conference on Global Security, Safety, and Sustainability(pp. 106-112). Springer, Cham. Iacob, M. E., Meertens, L. O., Jonkers, H., Quartel, D. A., Nieuwenhuis, L. J., van Sinderen, M. J. (2014). From enterprise architecture to business models and back.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), 1059-1083. Jallow, A. K., Demian, P., Anumba, C. J., Baldwin, A. N. (2017). An enterprise architecture framework for electronic requirements information management.International Journal of Information Management,37(5), 455-472. Nrman, P., Buschle, M., Ekstedt, M. (2014). An enterprise architecture framework for multi-attribute information systems analysis.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), 1085-1116. Simon, D., Fischbach, K., Schoder, D. (2013). An exploration of enterprise architecture research.CAIS,32, 1. Simon, D., Fischbach, K., Schoder, D. (2014). Enterprise architecture management and its role in corporate strategic management.Information Systems and e-Business Management,12(1), 5-42. Zarvi?, N., Wieringa, R. (2014). An integrated enterprise architecture framework for business-IT alignment.Designing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: Integrating Business Processes with IT Infrastructure,63.

Introducing Drone Technology in Organization

Question: Discuss about the Introducing Drone Technology in Organization. Answer: Introduction Unmanned Aerial Vehicle also known as Drone technology has been in the spotlight. The Drone technology is used for the army for the security of the country. The advancement of the Information technology has incorporated the use of Drone technology for the industries like mining, agriculture, media and many (Floreano Wood, 2015). The scenario of the case study states that the organisation having headquarters in Australia are interested for expanding its business in the field of mining, agriculture and transport industries. The company involves the use of the Information Technology for gaining the competitive advantages over the rival company. The CEO of the organisation has clear view on the drone technology and is thinking of using the technology in the various sector of the organization to gain competitive advantages over other company. The CEO of the organization asked for providing the information and a detailed structure report on the influence of the drone technology in any fiv e industries those are using the drone technology. The CEO also demanded for the short term and the long term options of using this technology. The aim of the report is to provide a general view on the usage of this technology and the advantages, disadvantages and the associated risk with the incorporation of this technology in the organization. It also gives an overview on the ethical, social and legal considerations that the technology has to considered before implementing. The report has a clear objective on identifying the risk and the profit associated with the technology. What is Drone Technology (UAV) Drone technology also known by the name Unmanned Aerial System are the airplanes that are been controlled and managed by the pilots. The advancement of the technology has introduces the drone to a new level. The pilots do not do the control now. The advancement of the technology introduced the automated drone that are been controlled by the help of the remotes. Drones are been classified in two divisions. The drones those are fitted with rockets are been especially used by the army. The drone that is used for observations and the finding purposes and are been especially used by the industries. The drones are been utilized for flying high and staying in a particular point are of much less cost than the drones that are been used by the army. Usage of Drones in Recent Times Drone Technologies in recent times are been used for many industries and they help the industries to gain competitive advantages over the rivals as it helps for the observations of each work and the findings thus becomes relatively easy. The drones are been used for many industries. In this report, the focus is laid on industries like media, mining, tourism, transport and logistics and agriculture. Media Industry: The report shows that a University in Columbia named Missouri University are providing adequate knowledge on the Drone Technology. This is a great move incorporated in the university as the students of the university get a chance of being accustomed with the drone technology (Thorpe, 2016). Media requires aerial filming and photography to a large effect. The use of drone technology makes the requirement of tools too low as different types of cameras are already attached to the drone. It helps in getting a good focus and has the ability to cover the important requirement of the media. It is also cost effective. The scope of limiting the computer uses by the introduction of UAV helps in making the job easy. Mining Industry: The most significant use of Drone Technology is extracting the crude materials from deep down the ground which is a very laborious job as well as risky for the labors. The safety of the worker is the most important point of concern in this industry (Bartzen, 2014). Drone Technology helps in collecting the accurate data and thus reduced the risks to a great effect. It also helps in reducing the number of staff on the site that gives cost benefit to the organization. The productivity of the company also increases with the data collected by this technology. The projects that needed a long time for surveying are been completed within the hours. Therefore, it also saves the time for the organization behind a particular project (Lee Choi, 2016). Tourism Industry: Drone Technology became a significant marketing tool for the industry of tourism. The technology has the capability of production of innovative videos and the photographs that affect the people to become the client of the tourism industry. The online travelling videos by the drone technology attract the customers to visit that place (Hay, 2016). The hotel and the restaurants are using this technology for gaining the advantages by having more clients. Transport and Logistic Industry: The implementation of the technology in the logistic industry is in its early stage This method is implemented in the urban city by the logistics department. The logistic company applies the aerial delivery method by the help of UAV. The text book of a student will be deliver to the student using the UAV at the outdoor location. The parcels once reach the student deliver it to the student with the help of the delivery mechanism, which is been attached to the retractable cord (Hauptman, Hoppe Raban, 2015). It helps in reducing the delivery time from two to three days to two to three minutes. Agriculture Industry: Drone Technology plays an important role in the agricultural industry. It helps the farmer to get the data about the crops and detects irregularities on the earliest (Lynn, 2013). It helps to take best decisions on the pesticides and the fertilizers to be used. It also helps to track the animals those are harmful for the agriculture . Introduction of Drone Technology in the Organization Integration: The existing information technology must be integrated with the drone technology. The drone technology that collects data should be incorporated with the system. This is the integration of the drone technology with the existing information technology (Kuzma et al., 2016). The interface of the application program should be directly plugged into the system. Work management: This is step followed after the effective integration of the system. The recognition of specific drones that are required for the organization is done. Approval: The implementations of the drone for the industries and the commercial purposes are done by abiding all the rules of FAA. The starting of this technology needs the approval of the FAA (Perriitt Sprague, 2015). Operator Management: The system of operating the technology is vital since the job is allocated to the workers based on the operation of this technology. For example the drones used for mining industry needs a single person. Collection of Autonomous Information: The drone devices is incorporated with software and the path-ups. The specification of the software is done according to the drone used for the particular industry (Bennett, Phillips Davis, 2016). The most significant software that is been incorporated in the drone is the automatic control of flight and collection of data within the flight. Processing of Data: The information is identified with the help of collected data that has been collected by the drone. This information helps in gaining profit in the future for the organizations. Short and Long Term Options The achievement of competitive advantages, eliminating the small gaps in the business that exists, minimizing the interactions of the human and achieving of prcised data are the short-term options of using the drone technology. The Long-term options includes the achievement of the organizational objectivities, attaining more satisfactions of the customers and accurate decision makings (Zhang et al., 2016). Advantages of Drone Technology Environment friendly- The technology is environment friendly as the technology only consists of battery and the automotive section that does not causes any hazards to the environment. Up-lift the Economic Structure: The structure of the economy of the organization would be up-lifted on using the drone technology. The automated system when used for the organizations like mining, media, transport and agriculture helps them to achieve economic stability (Harrison, 2015). The technology is cost effective and time saving for the company that enables them to achieve economic stability. The technology helps in having an access to the authorization of law, cultivation, media scope where it is impossible to reach physically. Growth of Business: The growth of the business develops exponentially depending on the technology required for the business. Disadvantages of using Drone Technology Apprehension of the privacy: The GPS system in the drone technology discovers the home and the camera attached to it have a specific goal but it exploit the environment. This might affect the security of the clients. This mostly happens in the logistics industries. Safety: The using of the close terminals of the airplanes is a unsafe circumstances. The enquiries have been lifted on the effect of the flying of the automated airplanes. Issues regarding Legal activities: The permits to be given for the usage of the technology by the legislatives like FAA and the Federal Government (Dia, 2015). Risks and Solutions: Potential Risk Description Solution Unskilled Operators If the drone technology is operated by an unskilled operator it results in the loss of the business (Clothier et al., 2015) The implementation of the technology requires a good business plan and skillful employees who has the capability of operating the system successfully. Safety The serious point of concern is the drone safety at the time of its operation. The installed procedure of safety could be eliminated due to the issues regarding environment. The documents for safety including the agendas for pre flight, procedure for standard operating and logbooks should be maintained for the safety. These reports account for the management of the safety systems. Injury The risk is associated with the people who are near to the drone. The technology could face the technological difficulty and the operator might lose the full control and access of the device. The innovations like Geofencing could be introduced in the automation product for flying. Privacy The privacy of the people is an area of concern. The use of this technology could violate the privacy. The pictures taken with the help of this technology might be leaked in the social media or might be shared within various people. The utilization of this technology in a moral and ethical way is the only solution of this risk (Finn Wright, 2016). Actions should be taken if anyone is liable for committing this mistake. Ethical, Social and Legal Considerations Ethical Considerations: The videos and the photographs taken with the help of this technology required to be confirmed at first by the government or by the concerned person whose video has been taken (Finn Donovan, 2016). The implementation of drones should be prohibited from spying the personal life. Social Considerations: The collection of the data using the drone technology should not be handed to a wrong person. The situation could be avoided by using a secure encryption to the memory of the drone (Sandbrook, 2015). Legal Considerations: The knowledge at the time of the production of drones should be considered at the time of sales, manufacture and distribution of the drones. The manufactures should abide the laws that are to be maintained at the time of productions (Smith, 2015). Conclusion The decision of the organization is highly influenced by the drone technology. The organization has an intention to focus on the sectors where drone technology is used. The various industries used different drone technologies with different coding of the software. The organization should be ensuring that the implementation and the operation of the drone technology is in the hand of the right person (Paquette, 2016). The application of the drone is guided by the rules of FAA. The guidelines to be abided are quite difficult for the manufactures. The risks are bound to be there when a company starts to use some innovative technology and so there will be some risks with the introduction of the drone technology. The report has emphasized on the risks that company has the possibility to face. Though the technology might has some risk and disadvantages but the advantages it helps to incorporated in the company outplay the disadvantages and the risks. The report focused on how the use of drone technology helps to gain the company the competitive advantages on all the five sectors. The security assurance of information and all the issues regarding the moral values is hard to bind. The drone technology helps in the rising of the moral issues. Recommendations Drones could be equipped with high range sensors: In the mining industry the mining organisation should equipped the drone with a high sensing capability sensor. This helps the drone to take hundreds of pictures for one square kilometer. This pictures are very much essential on creating the road map for the mines that helps in having appropriate data. Drone should be used with high payload: In logistic and transport industry the drone should have the capability to transfer heavy loads from the loading point to the destination. The expertise must have the knowledge about the technical difficulties that the drone might face while delivering the product. So, a package of software should be installed in drone that will give indication of any error taking place while the done is in operating made. The prime benefit that the agricultural industry achieves is the cheap price. The organization should remove all the parts that are unnecessary to lower the cost of manufacture (Freeman Freeland, 2014). The agricultural need low flying drones therefore, the cost is more reduces at the time of manufacturing. Auto Flight capability: In media industry, this feature of drone is needed. The drone technology should have the capability of flying to particular height if there is any loss of control to the remote. The drone requires a sensor that helps it to maintain a stable height. Reference List Bartzen Culver, K. (2014). From battlefield to newsroom: ethical implications of drone technology in journalism. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 29(1), 52 64. DOI: 10.1080/08900523.2013.829679 Bennett, D., Phillips, B. D., Davis, E. (2016). The future of accessibility in disaster conditions: How wireless technologies will transform the life cycle of emergency management.Futures. Clothier, R. A., Greer, D. A., Greer, D. G., Mehta, A. M. (2015). Risk perception and the public acceptance of drones.Risk analysis,35(6), 1167-1183. Dai, X. (2015).Aranica: Commercialization of a Drone Mapping and Sensing Technology(Master's thesis, UiT Norges arktiske universitet). Finn, R. L., Wright, D. (2016). Privacy, data protection and ethics for civil drone practice: A survey of industry, regulators and civil society organisations.Computer Law Security Review,32(4), 577-586. Finn, R., Donovan, A. (2016). Big Data, Drone Data: Privacy and Ethical Impacts of the Intersection Between Big Data and Civil Drone Deployments. InThe Future of Drone Use(pp. 47-67). TMC Asser Press. Floreano, D., Wood, R. J. (2015). Science, technology and the future of small autonomous drones.Nature,521(7553), 460-466. Freeman, P. K., Freeland, R. S. (2014). Politics technology: US polices restricting unmanned aerial systems in agriculture.Food Policy,49, 302-311. Harrison, A. J. (2015).Analyzing the impact of commercial drone use on United States society(Doctoral dissertation, UTICA COLLEGE). Hauptman, A., Hoppe, M., Raban, Y. (2015). Wild cards in transport.European Journal of Futures Research,3(1), 1-24. Hay, B. (2016). Drone tourism: A study of the current and potential use of drones in hospitality and tourism.CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations, 49. Kuzma, J., Dobson, K., Robinson, A., Williams, N. (2016). Drones in Business: Can your Organisation Capitalise on this New Technology?. Lee, S., Choi, Y. (2016). Reviews of unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) technology trends and its applications in the mining industry.Geosystem Engineering,19(4), 197-204. Lynn, S. (2013). Drone maker targets agriculture market.Northern Colorado Business Report,18(9), 5-17. Paquette, J. R. (2016). Uncle Sam Is Watching You: A Recommendation for Minnesota Legislation Regarding Police Drone Use.Mitchell Hamline L. Rev.,42, 1296. Perritt Jr, H. H., Sprague, E. O. (2015). Seeking Law Abiding Drones: What to Tell Clients that Want to Use Drones in Their Business.Laguna. Sandbrook, C. (2015). The social implications of using drones for biodiversity conservation.Ambio,44(4), 636-647. Smith, K. W. (2015). Drone technology: Benefits, risks, and legal considerations.Seattle J. Envtl. L.,5, i. Thorpe, H. (2016). Action sports, social media, and new technologies: towards a research agenda.Communication Sport, 2167479516638125. Zhang, J., Hu, J., Lian, J., Fan, Z., Ouyang, X., Ye, W. (2016). Seeing the forest from drones: Testing the potential of lightweight drones as a tool for long-term forest monitoring.Biological Conservation,198, 60-69.

Importance of Language free essay sample

In the story, â€Å"From a Native Daughter†, by Haunani-Kay Trask talks about herself, and how the history of the people and their culture of Hawaii means to her. She has learned stories over time from her parents and ancestors of how things were before her, so she has a lot of knowledge about the history and culture of the people before her. She is very vocal in her voice and wants people who aren’t native from Hawaii to learn the truth about the history of the culture of Hawaii. If Black English isn’t a language, then tell me, what is? In James Baldwin article, Baldwin wants people to understand that all English is the same, it’s just different by the way we speak it. The argument has nothing to do with language itself, but with the role of language. The role of language is an important thing because it describes the way of how you may speak. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you begin to learn the language of your parents, you start to pick up some of the ways that your parent’s speak. Once you learn your parent’s ways of speaking, you start to learn your how the role of your language describes to others how you speak and the way you speak it. The way you learn to speak your language describes the role of the language in your society that you live in. As you read on, I will begin to compare Trask’s ideas about her language and culture, while including the thoughts of Baldwin’s language. Trask has a strong sense of language and knows how to use the language of her ancestors to apply it to today’s society. She says, †I learned the first of these stories from speaking with my mother and father. I learned the second from books. By the time I left for college, the books had won out over my parents especially since I spent four long years in a missionary boarding school for Hawaiian children†. After reading this quote from Trask, you can see that she has been learning the language and culture of her ancestors. She uses the language of her ancestors by remembering the stories that her parents and grandmother taught her. She is very passionate about the history of her people, and wants everyone to know the difference of what historians describe as their history of Hawaii. In Baldwin’s article, Baldwin says to us how language can also be used as a sense of  power. â€Å"People evolve a language in order to describe and control their situation. What joins all languages is the necessity to confront life†, says Baldwin. In a society of people, the people of the group use language to communicate with other societies. The people within your society uses their language to describe what could be going on, or how things are going. Language within your society reveals how and why the speaker talks. The more confident and more vocal the speaker is, the speaker will have a stronger sense of language. As time goes on, you begin to see that language is evolved in ordered to communicate with other societies. Using the language that you learn at a young age can shows us the background of how you learned your language. Trask says, â€Å"language is a form of knowing by itself; a people’s way of thinking and feeling is revealed in music†. When recording artistes write a song, they use the language that they learned to write a song. As they add in the sounds into the song, it is the way they are feeling that gives us the mood of the song. In Baldwin’s point of view, he is describing how by vocalizing yourself creates an image of who you are and where your from. By having a strong sense of language reveals the private identity, and can be used to connect larger and more public identity. As you begin to vocalize yourself, an image of who you are is created. When you have an image created, people begin to use that image to visualize you. Trask definitely is able to be very vocal and knows how to get her points out into the open. Since Trask is also vocal, she can create an image for herself, and have an image for native Hawaiians and their history and culture. The image that Trask wants for her people is an image of a strong community that will not back down from any prejudiced comments. Trask wants people to learn the truth about the culture and history of her native people of Hawaii. She wants the history to be factual instead of fictional. In one of her speech Trask says, â€Å"Our story remains unwritten. It rests within the culture, which is inseparable from the land. To know this is to know our history. To write this is to write of the land and the people who are born from her†. In this quote, you can see that she is trying to emphasize that the history that we have taken is by people who  have visited the land. She would rather want historians to write down the actually history of Hawaiians from the native people who have lived there. In one Baldwin’s point of views, he talks about how language can also be used as a sense of power. If a certain person is smart enough and understands his own language, then that person can use that language to convince other people into believing what they believe. When you have the ability to persuade people, then you begin to build a sense of power that is hard to break. Understanding your own language can help you with communicating with other people, understanding other people, and learning from other people. Trask definitely has this sense of power because she is able to communicate with other people, and communicate with them by telling them the history of culture of Hawaiians without forgetting any details. In conclusion, some of the ideas of language are similar between Trask and Baldwin. In both Baldwin and Trask’s articles, they have a self image of persuading other into believing what they believe is the truth. Baldwin wants people to understand that all English is the same, it’s just different by the way we speak it. Trask wants people to understand that traditions in culture are the backbone in your development of language. The thing that connects these two writers is that both believe that language is the way people communicate to each other to get their ideas out in the open. Importance Of Language free essay sample We change the way we talk to smaller children and the way we talk at ark. Language is so important that we tend to overlook how we essentially use it for everything. Data Language is important in every aspect of our lives because it allows people to communicate in a manner that enables the sharing of common ideas (Education. Com, 2013). Language helps shape a persons identity (Totally, 2008). Language is the basis of transmitting knowledge (Dry. Minivan, 2006). Language is used to express feelings and in signs, gestures, symbols, and sounds.We change our language depending on who we talk to and where we are talking. Example: at work, to children,etc. (Bauer, Laurie 2003). Learning engage will help a persons vocabulary and expand knowledge. Explanation We use language to communicate, express our feelings to others and to ask questions. Language is so specific to humans that it Separates us from all other living beings. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We use language by combining words to create meaning. There are currently over six thousand language schemes used around the world (Davits, J. A. 2009).Without being able to express or say how we feel, we wouldnt be able to interact with one another. Signs and symbols are another important aspect of language. For example, a stop sign yields us to stop and smoke usually indicates that there is a fire. Sounds are a language that include a police car, a fire truck or helicopter that help us indicate what they are. We distinguish and name objects to identify and to understand what things are and what they represent. Language helps shapes ones identity by the type of language they are taught growing up and the ethical background they are raised with. Each and every persons culture is different and reflects how we speak, our accent and the wide variety or range of words we use. Our parents choose to teach us what they want us to learn, whether it be one or two languages or more, and our accent reflects how they sound. When we use language, we do so as individuals with social histories (Rooter, 1989). Gender, social class, religion and race all have an impact on our language. For example, we are born as male or female and into a distinct income level that defines us as poor, middle class or upper class.Also, we may be born as Christians, Jews, Muslims, or with some other religious affiliation and thus take on individual identities ascribed to us by our particular religious association (Ochs, 1996). As there are many reasons for language, knowledge is one of the most important. Without language, knowledge would not exist. We need language to understand and to learn and thus we gain knowledge. We take the knowledge we have learned and pass it on to one another, go to school to learn and are taught many things including English and the proper uses of it. Vocabulary is central to English language teaching because without sufficient vocabulary students cannot understand others or express their own ideas (Wilkins, 1972). Without grammar, very little can be conveyed and without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. Particularly, as students develop greater fluency and expression in English, it is significant for them to acquire more reductive vocabulary knowledge and to develop their own personal vocabulary learning strategies (Lewis, 1993). Every time we speak, we give our listeners information about who we are and where we come from. When we use language we do so as individuals with social history. Our histories are defined in part by our membership in a range of social groups into which we are born such as gender, social class, religion and race. For example, we are born as female or male and into a distinct income level that defines us as poor, middle class or upper class. Likewise, we may be born as Christians, Muslims, Jews or with some other religious affiliation. Thus, we take on individual identities ascribed by us or a particular religious association.Consequences/Conclusion In Conclusion, Language can be said to be a non-argumentative topic. It is proven that without language we would not be able to express our feelings, communicate with one another or be able to learn and retain knowledge. Thus, we could not argue without language. Language shapes who each individual is and which culture they come from. Language is used as signs and symbols. Without these signs and symbols, we wouldnt have stop signs or now that smoke is a sign of fire. Language is the reason why we call each and every object what it is.

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essays

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essays Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Introduction Supply concatenation direction adopts a systematic and integrative attack to pull off the operation and relationship amongst different parties in supply concatenation one of the major issues is supplier development surveies have investigated how choice direction can be employer in supply concatenation direction to act upon public presentation in the whole supply web. ( Mishra Rik. Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies. Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal. January 2010 vol 3 No. 1 ) There are 8 phases of execution of provider development 2. 1 Identify critical trade goods for development Directors must analyze their state of affairs to find whether Supplier development is of import and if so which purchased trade goods and services require the most attending. A corporate degree executive maneuvering commission must measure the relevant strategic importance of all goods and services that the company buys and bring forth a portfolio of critical trade goods 2. 2 Identify critical providers for development The directors must measure the public presentation of providers who supply trade goods in the strategic provider category . These trade goods considered strategically of import. as they might be hard to replace or buy from alternate providers. 2. 3 Form a cross-functional squad A purchaser must foremost develop internal cross-functional consensus for the enterprise before nearing the supplies to inquire for betterment such consensus will assist to demo a unified front and guarantee that all purchaser maps. 2. 4 Meet with supplier’s top direction squad The buyer’s cross functional trade good squad must near the supplier’s top direction group and set up three keys to supplier betterment. strategic alliance. provider measuring and professionalism. 5 Identify chances and chance for betterment At these meetings with the providers executive should place countries earmarked for betterment. Companies following a strategic attack to provide base development can normally hold upon countries or betterment. In some countries driven by concluding client demands and outlooks. 2. 6 Identify cardinal undertakings After placing assuring chances of provider development directors must measure them in footings of feasibleness. resource and clip demands and possible return on investings. The purpose is to make up ones mind what the ends should be and whether they are accomplishable. 2. 7 Define inside informations of the understanding After the possible betterment undertaking is identified. the parties need to hold on specific merthies for supervising its success. 2. 8 Monitor position and modify schemes Manages must invariably supervise the advancement and invariably exchange information to keep impulse in the undertaking. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ethenmanagementor. com. kuniverser/kmailer_universe/manu_kmailers/som-supplierdev1. htm. Accessed 15/09/2011 ) Different types Supply Chain relationships | |Transactional |Collaborative |Alliance | | |Relationships |relationships |relationships | |Communication |High potency for jobs |Systematic attack to | | | |enhance communicating | |Competitive |Low |High | |advantage |Independence | | |Connectedness |Little |Interdependence | |Continuous |Few | | |improvement | |A focal point on | |Contributions to | | | |new merchandise |Low |Many/early supplier | |development |Short |involvement | | |Reactive |Difficult/high impact | |Difficulty of issue |Price |Long | |Duration | Small or none |Proactive | |Expediting |Low |Total cost | |Focus | |High or entire | |Level of integrating |Many |High | |Level of trust |No | | |Number of |Incoming review | | |suppliers |Inward looking |One or few | |Open books | |Yes | |Quality | |Design quality into system | |Relations | |Concern with each other’s | | |Few/low skill flat |well-being | |Resources |Minimal |Professional | |Service |No |Greatly improved | |Shared prognosiss |Possible |Yes | |Supply breaks |No |Unlikely | |Technology influxs |Tactical |Yes | |Type of interaction | |Strategic synergism | ( Handfield RB ; Monczka RM ; Giunipero LC ; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply concatenation direction ; 2004 pg 123 ) Portfolio Analysis 4. 1 Captive purchaser Captive purchaser relationship the provider dominates the purchaser and the purchaser depends on the provider. In these peculiar prisoner purchaser relationships this dependance of the purchaser is due to the alone rational belongings of the provider. Because of this rational belongings the purchaser has limited or no Substitutes to turn to making a dependance on the provider. Despite this dependance a high degree of trust dramas an of import function in doing this relationship fruitful for both parties. Apparently the laterality of the provider is limited to the extent that the common trust corsets integral. But the degree of trust besides has its bounds from the supplier’s position. The provider is non willing to swear the purchaser with its rational belongings. The obvious ground for this is the hazard that the provider would lose its ruling place. Therefore. the provider has a particular involvement in keeping its dominant place. The study and interviews indicate that for confined purchaser relationships the explanatory variables were the deficiency of replacements. legal belongings rights and size of the provider. Apparently the legal belongings rights of the provider. and the ensuing deficiency of replacements. causes the purchaser to depend on the provider. These factors. combined with a provider that is much larger than the purchaser. consequences in a relationship that can be described as a confined purchaser state of affairs. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //dspace. learningnetworks. org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011. pdf ; Accessed 15/09/2011 ) 2 Captive Supplier Captive provider relationship the provider depends on the purchaser and the purchaser therefore overpowers the provider. This imbalance of power can hold one or a combination of factors: the size of the purchaser and its market portion but besides the shift costs for the provider contribute to the dependance of the provider on the purchaser. Despite the fact that the provider has of import rational belongings this is non sufficient to equilibrate the degree of power towards the purchaser. To do this relationship a fruitful one cooperation and common ends are of great importance. Via these common ends the purchaser does depend on the provider to some extent. therefore forestalling the purchaser from mistreating its laterality over the provider. For this ground. in a confined provider state of affairs the purchaser will besides put ( to a great extent ) in the relationship but non to the extent that it loses it’s ruling place. While analyzing the confined provider relationships. it became evident that the Explanatory variables were market portion. deficiency of replacements. legal belongings rights. non-retrievable investings and the size of the provider. These factors resulted in a confined purchaser state of affairs. Again the presence of legal belongings rights. this clip of the purchaser. causes the provider to hold limited or no replacements. Furthermore the relationship involved important non-retrievable investings for the provider. doing it even more hard to exchange to another purchaser. Finally. the high market portion of the purchaser compared to the little size of the provider was a important factor. The net consequence of these explanatory variables is a confined provider relationship. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //dspace. learningnetworks. org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011. pdf ; Accessed 15/09/2011 ) 3 Interdependent Supply Chain members Some sort of get downing point is needed for designation of supply ironss. For case. an end merchandise of some sort may be used for designation and analysis of the activity construction organised behind’ it. This is in line with the transvection construct coined by Alderson ( 1965. p. 92 ) who defines transvections as consisting †¦all anterior action necessary to bring forth this concluding consequence. traveling all the manner back to accumulate resources’ . This. nevertheless. imply a first of import connexion among ironss as they typically merge in different phases within an activity construction where different parts of the terminal merchandise are assembled. welded etc. binding different ironss together in turn ( Dubois. 1998 ) . Consequently. several different merchandises ( and therefore besides several ironss. if defined by merchandises ) are involved in every supply chain’ ensuing in some sort of end-product. Taking transvections. or end-product re lated constructions. as a get downing point we will further analyze the ways in which the activities and resources within supply chains’ are connected by analyzing how they are capable to the three signifiers of mutuality. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. impgroup. org/uploads/papers/4324. pdf ; accessed 15/09/2011 ) 5. Buyer /supplier relationship ( Handfield RB ; Monczka RM ; Giunipero LC ; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply concatenation direction ; 2004 ) High Category Level Low Decision The construct of power should be at the Centre of any survey of buyer-supplier relationships. Power affects the outlooks of the two parties over what commercial returns should accrue to them from a relationship. It besides affects the willingness of the two parties to put in collaborative activities. As of import. it besides affects the willingness of the two parties to portion the costs of relationship-specific investings. It besides affects the willingness of the two parties to portion sensitive information. As a consequence. an apprehension of the power relation which is frequently stable. with the comparative stableness should. from the point of position of the buying director. inform both the provider choice and the relationship direction determination as he or she attempts to pull off hazard proactively. Bibliography 1. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. impgroup. org/uploads/papers/4320. pdf 2. hypertext transfer protocol: //dspace. learningnetworks. org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011. pdf. 3. Mishra Rik. Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies. Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal. January 2010 vol 3 No. 1 4. Handfield RB ; Monczka RM ; Giunipero LC ; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply concatenation direction ; 2004 - - - - - - - – |1. Leaverage: |2. Strategic: | |Captive Supplier |Mutual dependance | |The purchaser has power |Trust is necessary | |Trust may be missing | | |3. Routine: |4. Bottleneck | |Mutual Independent |Captive purchaser | |Trust non necessary |The Supplier has power | | |Trust may be missing | LowHighBusiness Hazard

Language of Art and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Language of Art and Design - Essay Example We must learn to do this before we can learn about interpretation and the meaning of various art works.1 We have to know how to walk before we can know how to run very fast. Firstly, we need to look at the physical parts of a work of art – how do we name and describe the visual facts? To do this we need a basic vocabulary. These are terms that can be applied to a work of art in any of the forms of art, be it photography, sculpture, or painting—these are the things we first see.2 The first thing we see is the medium, the material used in the work of art. Medium also refers to dimension as well. Is it two dimensions or three dimensions? Is it a painting on a piece of canvas or on a wood? Is it a sculpture in clay or charcoal? What kinds of paints are used? Acrylic, oil, watercolour? These factors all add to the effect of the creation. To understand the creation we must understand the many parts that make it up. Another important building block: One of the first rules of geometry is a line. A line the â€Å"path of a point moving through space.† It can be used to draw the eye to important parts of a composition. Lines also mark divisions between different spaces. You could say they are the basic â€Å"building blocks† of shape and form.3 Colour is another important one. Everything that we see from nature to fashion to our favourite football team impacts our brain with the exciting colours available in our world. Colour effects our emotions in both subtle and unsubtle ways. Without it, our daily life experiences would be dull as dishwater. Think how much our eyes are more drawn to a colourful magazine than to a black and white newspaper. The artist is sensitive to these issues and takes the use of color seriously, making serious choices for a various effects. For example, Matisse was a master of using colour and created some of his best paintings using the colour red. As with colour, light makes

Media Law Memo #2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Law Memo #2 - Case Study Example e petitioner held that Section 312 (a) (7) of the Communications Act of 1934 only allows the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to regulate broadcasts for violations like the one suffered by the petitioner. In my capacity as a court clerk, I would like to appeal to you to keenly consider this case and make a wise ruling. The claims labeled on the FCC are quite complex and requires a critical thought before the final decision is made. So, in my opinion, you should affirm the case and uphold the earlier ruling. Even if the petitioner argues that the law only mandates FCC to regulate media houses for such repeated violations, it fails to acknowledge that the law grants more powers to the commission to do more than just that. I would like you to base your decision on Section 312 (a) (7) which states that any legal candidate in a federal election has an exclusive right to media broadcast while conducting campaigns. In its claim, the petitioner fails to accept that the law mandates FCC to have a direct control over such broadcasts by taking the necessary affirmative action to ensure that there is a reasonable access to the broadcast stations. The claim of violations is therefore not justified. NBC was justified for denying the candidate the required airtime because it would elicit more requests from other candidates who would have a legal right to claim for fair coverage and equality. I kindly request you to consider my opinion and deliver a landmark ruling that will that will help in providing a roadmap for the communications sector in the country. Please, consider affirming the ruling because the petitioner does not prove the necessity of reversing the earlier ruling. 312 (a) (7) clearly stipulates how reasonable access should be granted at any given time. Thanks a lot. God bless

Supreme court cases Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supreme court cases - Case Study Example The victims are twelve Nigerians who have appealed to use the law recognized as Alien Statue in a civil case filed against companies that produce oil and were held responsible for being involved in the atrocities that took place during 1992 and 1995. Another major case that has been highlighted and is to be reviewed by the Supreme Court on tenth of October is Fisher v. University of Texas At Austin case, the case focuses upon racial discrimination in admission conducted at the undergraduate level. The case focuses on whether it is constitutionally acceptable to use such means while providing admission. The third major case is Florida v. Jardines and Florida v. Harris which will be heard by the judge on October 31st, this case is regarding the fourth amendment rights related to illegal searches done by law enforcement officers. In this case it is to be decided whether the Fourth Amendment right of the home owner was violated when a dog trained for narcotics detection purposes sniffed drugs outside the home. Another major case related to business that is to be reviewed by the Supreme Court on November 5th is Comcast Corp v. Behrend, in this case the judges have to decided whether Comcast Corp should be decertified or not for charging more than normal prices for providing cable TV service as it is the company enjoys monopoly in the area of Philadelphia. On November 26th the Supreme Court is going to review the case of Vance v. Ball State University, in this it is to be decided whether an employer is to be held responsible for the harassing activities conducted by his/her supervisor within the organization. The situation is such that the supervisor had limited power over the employee and the task of promoting, hiring and firing the employee was handed over o the supervisor. One case that the Supreme Court has accepted to review during the period of 2012

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Experiment

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Experiment INTRODUCTION Pharmaceutical Analysis may be defined as the application of analytical procedures used to determine the purity, safety and quality of drugs and chemicals. The term Pharmaceutical analysis is otherwise called quantitative pharmaceutical chemistry. Pharmaceutical analysis includes both qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs and pharmaceutical substances starts from bulk drugs to the finished dosage forms. In the modern practice of medicine, the analytical methods are used in the analysis of chemical constituents found in human body whose altered concentrations during disease states serve as diagnostic aids and also used to analyze the medical agents and their metabolites found in biological system. Qualitative inorganic analysis seeks to establish the presence of given element or inorganic compound in a sample. Qualitative organic analysis seeks to establish the presence of a given functional group or organic compound in a sample. Quantitative Quantitative analysis seeks to establish the amount of a given element or compound in a sample. The term quality as applied to a drug product has been defined as the sum of all factors, which contribute directly or indirectly to the safety, effectiveness and reliability of the product. These properties are built into drug products through research and during process by procedures collectively referred to as Quality control. Quality control guarantees with in reasonable limits that a drug products Is free of impurities. Is physically and chemically stable Contains the amount of active ingredients as stated on the label and Provides optimal release of active ingredients when the product is administered. Most modern analytical chemistry is categorized by two different approaches such as analytical targets or analytical methods. INTRODUCTION FOR CHROMATOGRAPHY: High performance liquid chromatography is the process, which seperates mixture containing two or more components under high pressure. In this the stationary phase is packed in column one end of which is attached to a source of pressurized liquid mobile phase. High performance liquid chromatography is the fasted growing analytical technique for the analysis of drug. Its simplicity, high specificity and wide range of sensitivity makes its ideal for the analysis of many drugs in both dosage form and biologic fluids. HPLC is also known as High performance liquid chromatography. It is essential form column chromatography in which the stationary phase is consists of a small particles (3-5o µm) packing contained in a column with a small bore (2-5mm), one end of which is attached to source of pressurized liquid eluent(mobile phase). Different Types of Principles: According to the phases involved, HPLC can be classified into several types, which are as follows: Normal Phase Chromatography (NPC) Reverse Phase Chromatography (RPC) Liquid Solid Chromatography or adsorption HPLC Liquid Liquid Chromatography or Partition HPLC Ion exchange Chromatography or Ion exchange HPLC Size exclusion or gel permeation or steric exclusion HPLC 1. Normal Phase Chromatography (NPC): In normal phase chromatography, the stationary phase is more polar then the mobile phase, and the mobile phase is a mixture of organic solvents with out added water (e.g. isopropane with hexane) and the column packing is either an inorganic adsorbent (silica) are a polar bonded phase (cyanno, diol, amino) on a silica support. Sample retention in normal phase chromatography increases with the polarity of mobile phase decreases. They are eluted in the order of increasing polarities. 2. Reverse Phase Chromatography (RPC): In reverse-phase chromatography, the stationary phase is less polar than the mobile phase and the mobile phase is a mixture of organic and aqueous phase. Reverse-phase chromatography is typically more convenient and rugged than the other forms of liquid chromatography and is more likely to result in a satisfactory final separation. High performance RPC columns are efficient, stable and reproducible. In this, the solutes are eluted in the order of their decreasing polarities. These are prepared by treating the surface silanol group of site with an organic chloro silane reagent. INSTRUMENTATION: RECORDER SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF HPLC a. Pumps: Pumps are required to deliver a constant flow of mobile phase at pressures ranging from 1 550 bar pumps capable of pressure up to 6000 psi provide a wide range of flow rates of mobile phase, typically from 0.01-10ml min-1. Low flow rates (10-100à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l min-1) are used with micro bore columns, intermediate flow rates (0.5-2ml min-1) are used with conventional analytical HPLC columns, and fast flow rates are used for preparative or semi preparative columns and for slurry packing techniques. Mechanical pumps of the reciprocating piston type view a pulsating supply of mobile phase. A damping device is there fore required to smooth out the pulses so that excessive noise at high levels of sensitivity or low pressure does not detract from detection of small quantities of sample. This type of pump is mostly used. Dual piston reciprocating pumps produce an almost pulse free flow because the two pistons are carefully faced so that as one is filling the other is pumping. These pumps are more expensive than single piston pumps but are of benefit when using a flow sensitive detector such as ultraviolet or refractive index detector. b. Injection Systems: Injection ports are of two basic types, (A) those in which the sample with injected directly into the column and (B) those in which the sample is deposited before the column inlet and then swept by a valving action into the column by the mobile phase. c. Columns: HPLC columns are made of high quality stainless steel, polish internally to a mirror finish. Standard analytical columns are 4-5 mm internal diameter and 10-30 cm in length. Shorted columns (3-6 cm) containing a smaller particles size packing material (3 or 5 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m) produce similar or better efficiencies, in terms of the number of theoretical plates (about 7000), that those of 20 cm columns containing 10 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­m irregular particles and are used an short analysis time and highest throughput of samples are required. Micro bore columns of 1-2 mm internal diameter and 10-25 cm in length have certain advantages of lower detection limits and lower consumption of solvent, the latter being important if expensive HPLC grade solvents are used. HPLC are also being carried out on the semi preparative scales by using columns of 7-10 mm or 20-40 mm internal diameter respectively. d. Detectors: The most widely used detectors for liquid chromatography are Detector Analytes Solvent Requirements Comments UV-Visible Any with chromophores UV-grade non UV absorbing solvents Has degree of selectivity and useful for many HPLC applications Fluorescence Fluorescent compounds UV-grade non UV absorbing solvents Highly selective and sensitive, often used to analyze derivitized compounds Refractive index Compounds with different RI than mobile phase Cannot run mobile phase gradients Limited sensitivity Conductivity Charged or polar compounds Mobile phase must be conducting Excellent for ion exchange compounds Electrochemical Readily oxidized or reduced compounds, specially biological samples Mobile phase must be conducting Very selective and sensitive Mass-Spectrometer Broad range compounds Must use volatile solvents or volatile buffers Highly sensitive. Many modes available. Needs trained person Theoretical principles of HPLC: a. Retention time: The time is required between the injection point and the peak maximum is called the retention time. It is denoted as the Rt. It is mainly useful for the qualitative analysis for the identification of compound. b. Capacity factor: It represents the molar ratio of the compound in the stationary phase and the mobile phase. It is independent of column length and mobile phase flow rate. It is denoted as the k. It should be kept 1-10. If k values are too low it is likely that the solutes may be adequately resolved and for high k values the analysis time is too long. It can be calculated by tr t0 k = - t0 tr = Retention time, t0 = Dead time. c. Tailing factor: Closer study of a chromatographic show that the Gaussian forms is usually not completely symmetrical. The graph spread out to a greater or lesser extent, forming a tail. It reduces the column plate number which intern influences the resolution. Tailing is mainly due to deteriorated column, overloading column, extra column-volumes, and incompatibility of sample with standard and/or mobile phase. Practically it can be calculated or determined at 10% of the total peak height. It must not be greater than 2.0 d. Resolution: The degree of separation of one component from another is described by the resolution. It is generally denoted by Rs. It is measured as the difference in retention time and the arithmetic mean of the two peak widths. tr2 tr1 Rs = 0.5(w1 + w2) tr2 = Retention time of first peak w1 = width of first peak tr1 = Retention time of second peak w2 = width of second peak e. Theoretical plates: It is important property of the column. It reflects its quality of separation and its ability to produce sharp, narrow peak and achieving good resolution of peak. N denotes it. 3500 X L (cm) Theoretical plates = - dp( µm) L = length of the column in cm, dp = diameter of the particle ( µm) It follows that if the exchange is fast and efficient, the theoretical plate will be small in size and there will be large number of plates in the column. f. Height equivalent to theoretical plate (HETP): Number of plates directly proportional to the column length (L) and inversely proportional to the diameter of the particles (dp). The value of H is a criterion for the quality of a column. Lower the HETP, higher is the efficiency of the column. Its value depends upon particle size, flow rate, viscosity of mobile phase. H = L/N L = Length of column, N = No. of theoretical plate HPLC method development: The wide variety of equipment, columns, eluent and operational parameters involved makes high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method development seem complex. The main objective of method development is to obtain a good separation with minimum time and effort. Based on the goal of separation, the method development is preceded. The steps involved are: Information on sample, define separation goals Need for special HPLC procedure, sample pretreatment, etc. Choose detector and detector settings Choose LC method, preliminary run; Estimate best separation conditions Optimize separation conditions Check for problems or requirement for special procedure Validation for release to routine laboratory The following must be considered when developing an HPLC method: Keep it simple Try the most common columns and stationary phases first Thoroughly investigate binary mobile phases before going on to ternary Think of the factors that are likely to be significant in achieving the desired resolution. Mobile phase composition, for example, is the most powerful way of optimizing selectivity whereas temperature has a minor effect and would only achieve small selectivity changes. pH will only significantly affect the retention of weak acids and bases. VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD IN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS: Validation is documented evidence, which is completed to ensure that an analytical method is accurate, reproducible and robust over the specific range. The quality of the analytical data is a key factor in the success of a drug development program. The process of method development and validation has a direct impact on the quality of these data. Method validation: Method validation is the process to confirm that analytical procedure employed for a specific test is suitable for its intended use. Method needs to be validated or revalidated Before their introduction into routine use Whenever the conditions changes for which the method has been validated , e.g., instrument with different characteristics Whenever the method is changed, and the change is outside the original scope of the method. Depending on the use of the assay, different parameters will have to be measured during the assay validation. ICH and several regulatory bodies and Pharmacopoeia have published information on the validation of analytical procedures METHOD VALIDATION PARAMETERS: SPECIFICITY. ACCURACY. PRECISION. LINEARITY. ROBUSTNESS. SOLUTION STABILITY. The goal of the validation process is to challenge the method and determine the limit of allowed variability for the conditions needed to run the method. The following statistical parameters are to be determined to validate the developed method. Correlation coefficient(r): When the changes in one variable are associated or followed by changes in the other, it is called correlation. The numerical measure of correlation is called the coefficient of correlation and is defined by the relation. à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å" (x x) (y -y) r = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å"(x -x) 2 à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å"(y -y Regression equation: Regression equation= I + aC Y2 Y1 a = slope = X2 X1 I = Intercept = regression a C As a percentage of mean absorbance. 3. Standard Deviation: S = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å" (X- X!) 2/N 1 Where, X = observed values X! = Arithmetic mean = à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å"X/N N = Number of deviations For practical interpretation it is more convenient to express S in terms of percent of the approximate average of the range of analysis is used in the calculation of S. This is called co-efficient of variation (C.V) or percent relative standard deviation (%RSD). C.V OR %RSD = 100* S/ X! Criteria for Validation of the Method CHARACTERISTICS ACCEPTABLE RANGE Specificity No Interference Accuracy Recovery (98-102%) Precision RSD Linearity Correlation Coefficient(r)>0.99 Range 80-120% Stability >24h or >12h DRUG PROFILE RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE: Structure: Chemical name : N,N diethyl -5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-1-ylmetyl)-1H Indole-3 Ethanamine monobenzoate Molecular Formula : C15H19N5.C6H5COOH Molecular weight : 391.47 Description: White crystalline powder Melting point: 178-1800C Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water and methanol Storage: Air tight container protect from light. Drug Category: Anti migraine drug THERAPEUTIC RATIONAL RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Mechanism of action: Rizatriptan binds with high affinity to human 5-HTIB and 5-HTID receptors leading to cranial blood vessel constriction. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Completely absorbed from GI tract, absolute bioavailability is 45% plasma peak concentration attained with in 1-1.5 hours (conventional tablet )or 1.6-2.5 hours (orally disintegrating tablet)after oral administration. Distribution: Crosses placenta and is distributed in to milk in animal, no studies in pregnant or nursing women. Metabolism: Metabolized principally via oxidative deamination by Mao-A to an inactive indole acetic acid metabolite Elimination: Excreted principally in urine(14% of dose as unchanged drug and 51 % a indole acetic acid metabolite Adverse effects: Dry mouth Dizziness Pain tightness/pressure in neck/throat/jaw. Nausea Chest pain Parasthesia Fatigue Dosage and administration: The dose range of Rizatriptan benzoate is 10-30mg orally once daily.Rizatriptan benzoate can be administer orally disintegrating tablet with out meals. LITERATURE REVIEW Sasmitha Kumar et al: has been developed UV spectroscopic method for estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate.The drug shows maximum absorption at 277 nm and 281 nm and obeys beer-lamberts law in the concentration of 0.5-20  µg/ml at 277 nm and 0.5-80  µg/ml at 281 nm respectively. The percentage recovery was found to be 97-100%. Madhukar et al; has been developed reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of Rizatriptan benzoate. The proposed method utilized column L1 inertsil ODS-3v, 250 nmx4.6 mm having particle size, 5 µm. The mobile phases were comprised of A, B of Acetonitrile and buffer pH 6.5 at UV detection 225 nm.The method shows recovery 96.64-97.71 Sachin jagthap et al; has been developed stability indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method utilizes c18 column having dimension 250mmx4.6 mm having particle size,5.0  µm using a mobile phase 0.01M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer: Methanol , at a flow rate 1ml/min at ambient temperature and detected at 225 nm.and the method was validated according to ICH guidelines Quizi zhang et al: has been developed, a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate in human plasma.using asingle step liqid liqid extraction with metyl tertiary butyl ether, the analytes separated usig amobile phase consisting of 0.05%v/v triehylamine in water adjusting ph 2.75 with 85% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile.fluroscence detection was performed at an excitation wavelength of 225 nm and an emission wavelength of 360 nm.The linearity for rizatriptan was within the concentration range of 0.5-50ng/ml. Rajendra Kumar et al: has been developed and validated stability a stability indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method for Rizatriptan benzoate.The force degradation studies were performed on bulk sample of Rizatriptan benzoate. The method utilizes a zorbax SB-CN column with dimension of 250 mmx4.6 mm, 5um column. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of aqueous potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (ph3.4), acetonitrile and methanol. Rauza bagh et al: has been developed a spectroscopic method for analysis of Rizatriptan benzoate in bulk and tablet dosage form. The Rizatriptan benzoate shows maximum absorbance at 225 nm. Beers law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1-10 µg/ml. AIM AND PLAN OF WORK The present aim is to develop a new simple and rapid analytical method to estimate the Rizatriptan benzoate The plan of the proposed work includes the following steps: To undertake solubility studies for analytical studies of Rosuvastatin calcium Develop initial chromatographic conditions. Setting up of initial chromatographic conditions for the assay of Rosuvastatin calcium Optimization of initial chromatographic conditions. Validation of the developed HPLC Analytical method according to ICH method validation parameters. EXPERIMENTAL NEW RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF RIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM A simple reverse phase HPLC methods was developed for the determination of Rizatriptan benzoate in tablet dosage form. Zorbax Eclipse XBD C18 (250 cm ÃÆ'- 4.6 mm) column in isocratic mode with mobile phase Buffer ph 5.0: Methanol (80:20) was used and pH-3 adjusted with tri ethylamine. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 225nm. The retention time 3.0 min. The proposed method was also validated. EXPERIMENTAL 1. Instrumentation: Shimadzu LC-10A HPLC Vacuum pump Gelmon science Elico SL-164 double beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer Ultra sonicator 3.5L 100(pci) 2. Chemicals: Water HPLC grade Methanol HPLC grade (Merck) Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate(AR Grade) Triethylamine (AR Grade) 5.1 OPTIMIZATION: 1. Selection of wavelength: After solubility study for the drug solvent was selected and appropriate concentration of Rizatriptan benzoate standards with solvent were prepared. The solution were then scanned by using doubl beam UV-Visible spectrophotometer the range between 200-400nm.The overlain spectra for the both drug were observed and maximum wavelength was finally selected. 2. Selection of mobile phase: To develop a prà ©cised and robust HPLC method for determination of Rizatriptan benzoate , its standard solution were injected in the HPLC system. After literature survey and solubility data different composition of mobile phase of different flow rates were employed in order to determine the best condition for effective separation of drugs. 3. Selection of column: Initially different C8 and C18 columns were tried for selected composition of mobile phase and quality of peaks were observed for the drugs. Finally the column was fixed upon the satisfactory results of various system suitability parameters such as column efficiency, retention time, tailing factor / peak asymmetry of the peaks. Other parameters such as flow rate, column temperature etc. were selected by varying its value up to certain levels and results were observed. The value at satisfactory results were obtained has been selected for the method. The final selection of chromatographic conditions as follows Optimized chromatographic conditions Preparation of Buffer ph 5.0: Dissove 2.76 gm of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate in 1000ml of HPLC water plus 5.0 mlof Triethylamine. Mix and adjust PH 5.0 with orthophosporic acid. Filter with 0.45u nylon filter. Preparation of mobile phase: The mobile phase was prepared by mixing Buffer: Methanol (80:20). the solution was then filtered through 0.45ÃŽÂ ¼m membrane filter and sonicated. Preparation of standard stock solution: Standard solution of the pure drug was prepared by dissolving 73.0 mg of Rizatriptan benzoate in 100ml volumetric flask. The drugs were dissolved by using mobile phase as a diluent. Add about 50ml of diluent and sonicate to dissolve. Make up the volume with diluent. Mix well. Further dilute 5.0ml of the above solution to 250ml with diluent, mix well. Preparation of sample solution: Weight and transfer 10 intact tablet in into a100ml volumetric flask. Add about 50ml of diluent and sonicate for 15 min and make up the volume with diluent. Mix well, filter through 25 mm 0.45 u nylon , discard 4ml filtrate. Further dilute 5ml of the solution to 250 ml with diluent and mix well. CONCLUSION The evaluation of obtained values suggests that the proposed HPLC methods provide simple, precise, rapid and robust quantitative analytical method for determination of Rizatriptan benzoate in tablet dosage form. The mobile phase is simple to prepare and economical. After validating proposed method as per ICH guidelines and correlating obtained values with the standard values, satisfactory results were obtained. Hence, the method can be easily and conveniently adopted for routine estimation of Rizatriptan benzoate in tablet dosage form.

Malcolm X Essay example -- Civil Rights Movement

Malcolm X The fifties and sixties were a crazy time to live; riots were happening, many Civil Rights Movement leaders were speaking in the streets, and student sit-ins were held. Many radical activists were preaching their thoughts on racism and things needed for equality. Some people felt it necessary to turn the other cheek to violence while others claimed it to be a right to defend themselves. The major figures in the Civil Rights Movement had their own opinions on how to equalize society. Martin Luther King, Jr. felt that a peaceful movement was the best route to freedom. I discovered after much research that famous African American figures tended to side with Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad on the best approach. Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou and James Baldwin fall under this category. They did not by any means agree completely, but had many views in common with the Islam thinkers. Malcolm X was not a pro-violence leader, but encouraged it when necessary for self-defense and protecting loved ones as Jenkins reported, â€Å"Malcolm X encouraged blacks to take a stand against their white oppressors if they were physically threatened,† (Jenkins 267). This was Malcolm’s motto when asked how blacks should fight the â€Å"white man†. James Baldwin does not share this idea even though he does admire many of Malcolm X†s thoughts. Malcolm and Baldwin strongly believe that history is an important part of knowledge and is necessary to live a prosperous life. I am going to explain more about the Malcolm X that many admire and respect. While he was a child he received the best grades in an all white school and was even class president once. His aspiration was to be a lawyer, but his favorite teacher had told him that he could not keep dreaming unrea... ...ill existed. One can only put up with so much before he starts to develop hate right back. I do not endorse this thinking, but can understand where Malcolm is coming from when he admits this. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347 Baldwin, James. â€Å"White Man’s Guilt.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 722-727 Clark, Michael. â€Å"Rise in Racial Extremism Worries Harlem Leaders.† New York Times 25 Jan. 1960:1. Jenkins, Robert. The Malcolm X Encyclopedia. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002 Malcolm X. â€Å"Black Man’s History† speech. Abdul, Alkalimat, ed., Maclolm X: A Research Site (launched May 19,1999 : University of Toledo and Twenty- first Century Books). http://www.brothermalcolm.net. Malcolm X Essay example -- Civil Rights Movement Malcolm X The fifties and sixties were a crazy time to live; riots were happening, many Civil Rights Movement leaders were speaking in the streets, and student sit-ins were held. Many radical activists were preaching their thoughts on racism and things needed for equality. Some people felt it necessary to turn the other cheek to violence while others claimed it to be a right to defend themselves. The major figures in the Civil Rights Movement had their own opinions on how to equalize society. Martin Luther King, Jr. felt that a peaceful movement was the best route to freedom. I discovered after much research that famous African American figures tended to side with Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammad on the best approach. Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou and James Baldwin fall under this category. They did not by any means agree completely, but had many views in common with the Islam thinkers. Malcolm X was not a pro-violence leader, but encouraged it when necessary for self-defense and protecting loved ones as Jenkins reported, â€Å"Malcolm X encouraged blacks to take a stand against their white oppressors if they were physically threatened,† (Jenkins 267). This was Malcolm’s motto when asked how blacks should fight the â€Å"white man†. James Baldwin does not share this idea even though he does admire many of Malcolm X†s thoughts. Malcolm and Baldwin strongly believe that history is an important part of knowledge and is necessary to live a prosperous life. I am going to explain more about the Malcolm X that many admire and respect. While he was a child he received the best grades in an all white school and was even class president once. His aspiration was to be a lawyer, but his favorite teacher had told him that he could not keep dreaming unrea... ...ill existed. One can only put up with so much before he starts to develop hate right back. I do not endorse this thinking, but can understand where Malcolm is coming from when he admits this. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Down at the Cross.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 296-347 Baldwin, James. â€Å"White Man’s Guilt.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 722-727 Clark, Michael. â€Å"Rise in Racial Extremism Worries Harlem Leaders.† New York Times 25 Jan. 1960:1. Jenkins, Robert. The Malcolm X Encyclopedia. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002 Malcolm X. â€Å"Black Man’s History† speech. Abdul, Alkalimat, ed., Maclolm X: A Research Site (launched May 19,1999 : University of Toledo and Twenty- first Century Books). http://www.brothermalcolm.net.