Early Childhood Education application essay Essay

This article gives a study of how we can apply the material in an Early Childhood institution from the novel `Different Children Different Needs` by Charles F. Boyd. This book can be taken as a channel showing parents and teachers in any institute on how to be more efficient by knowing the personality God has given each child. Boyd applies a DISC style of traits of parents’ personality for application in parent-child affiliations. Although, this book is mainly on good parenting which allows you to review your and your child’s qualities and as a result, helps you in improving communication with no friction between parents and children. The material in this book can also be very useful in any institutional environment. Based on this knowledge, this study gives a brief evaluation of the application and knowledge specifically in an institute’s environment and the experience from it. Knowledge and Application This book assists you in understanding that every child has a unique personality and none of them are right or wrong but just different. As in the novel Boyd writes â€Å"As parents, we need to discover our children’s natural styles and help each one grow up according to his unique, in-born, God-given design† (Charles Boyd. 4). Writer uses the DISC personality sketch descriptions to understand and help you to re-open blocked communication with your child. It’s as easy as opening by inquiring yourself if your child is a bit lazy or active, people person or a loner? The material and tools presented in ‘Different Children, Different Needs’ will take the anonymity out of the way on how you interrelate with each other. In the book, we look at a tool referred to as â€Å"the art of flexible parenting† or parenting by plan. It is a method which presents us with an opportunity to raise our kids that procures into account equally how God has designed our style and personality and how He has designed our children. This uncomplicated and realistic model enables us to realize our normal bent and the way it influences our parenting style, determine our children’s design, comparison between the first two and adjusting our style so as it fulfils the style and requirements of our children. It helps in fashioning an atmosphere of encouragement and support which results in enhanced parent-child communication and eases common areas of clashes. The methods and tools given in this book can not only help parents in understanding their children better but also prove helpful in Children institutes by giving teachers an insight to his/her pupils mind and personality and making them realize that not every student cannot be the top person and that someone has to take the bottom position whether it be academic performance or co-curricular activities. After having an understanding of such basics, these Institutes can make sure that each student is treated as an individual and not be compared with others who are either doing better or worst than him and thus improved student-teacher relation which will result in better results. This model will assist in developing an atmosphere of encouragement and support and can have results like an increased self-confidence and self-discovery. After reading this book, you will start to comprehend things you never understood in relation to the most excellent way to communicate to each unique student in a class. Students will appear to appreciate how God has designed them and made each and everyone of them exceptional in his own way, maturing in self-confidence and discovering a sense of fitting in somewhere. And you will get pleasure from fulfilling your mentoring experience you’ve forever wished for. Understanding and Experience A Childs education starts from home. Education plays a very significant part in altering lives of children. This book gives a concept of parenting pollution. Parenting pollution refers, to the desire of every parent to raise their children the way they think they should. If we observe carefully, we see that the same idea is applied in children institutions where teacher expects the student to be as smart as the teacher was when he was students’ age, or think the same way as he used to think and mostly compare students with each other. The truth is, it is important to realize that with changing times, minds maturity level changes, and children nowadays, grasp and perceive things differently then we used to. The one part of the book that I thought could be really helpful if all could read it and enjoy is a number of pages of encouraging â€Å"one-liners† which can be used to build your child’s or your students self-confidence some of which includes sayings like when asked a student to perform a task in classroom and if he is taking longer than some other students, instead of saying this discouraging thing â€Å"What’s taking you so long? â€Å", what you can say is, â€Å"You do things specifically and correctly. † (Haim Ginott, 23) That line sums up the â€Å"observe, don’t judge† philosophy of child psychologist Haim Ginott which one should try very often for miraculous results. (Haim Ginott, 23) Some stuff you read in this book is pretty basic on parenting like be patient with a child , Don’t hurry or push him, be open at times when your child wants to do things differently than you feel like etc. But observe carefully that do you really do all this basic stuff all the time or you are really a moody person Conclusion The DISC character system on which all of the suggestion in this book is based is not exactly a specific personality test but in actually just a self-discovery test where you can ponder over you actions and those of your children and then apply them in Children Institutions. The concluding remark is that Parenting by plan is a technique you can utilize to fine-tune your parenting technique according to your children and students as each of them has different personality and psychology. It can really help is making parents and teachers understand that even if the personalities of their children clashes with their own, it can still be a positive relation and parents being older have to take the first step which may just include getting a copy of this book. References Boyd, Charles. 2004. Different Children, Different Needs. Published by Multnomah Books Ginott, Haim. 1996. Between

Compound Interest and Cellphone User

Entire Review Problems Cumulative- Practice 1. At a certain car wash, 40 more cars than vans go through on a typical day. If each car pays $12 and each van pays $16 and the total earned per day is $2244, find the number of vans that go through the wash. 2. a) In the Fine Company, the CEO must invest in 30% more shares than the CFO. The shares sell for $10. 20 each and the total value of the shares owned by the two of them is $132 549. Find the number of shares owned by the CEO. b) The Fine Company’s total profit for the year was $300 000.Determine the P/E ratio (price to earnings ratio) for Fine Company, assuming that the CEO and CFO together own 5% of the number of stocks in the company. (Remember that price=price per share and earnings= profit earned per share) 3. The ratio of males:females in the 1st year at TRSM is 5:4 this year. If the school had admitted 200 more males, the ratio would have been 3:2. Find the number of students actually admitted this year. 4. a) Solve th e system of equations: b) If you graph both of these lines, what does the answer you found represent? c) Graph both lines and verify your answer graphically. . The following equations represent lines that are a) parallel b) intersecting c) are the same line. Circle the correct answer. 3x-6y = 7 9x-18y=20 6. It turns out that $1 CAN is worth 0. 63 euros. When I go to Europe and get ready to return to Canada, I have 500 Euros left, which I exchange. The person cannot give me change and always rounds down to the nearest Canadian dollar, in order to make a profit. How many Canadian dollars do I get back? How much profit does she make? 7. Solve for x: 8. The following chart represents a survey done on cellphone use as shown. Cellphone| No Cellphone| Total| Under 25| 600| 100| | 25 or over| 260| 320| | Total| | | | If a person is selected at random from those polled, determine the probability that: a) a cellphone user is selected b) a person under 25 is selected c) a person under 25 and a cellphone user is selected d) a person over 25 or a cellphone user is selected e) the person is over 25, given that (s)he is not a cellphone user If two people are selected from those polled, determine the probability that: f) they are both cellphone users g) at least one of them is a cellphone user ) at least one of them is 25 or over, given that they are both cellphone users 9. In a game of Subtract, two dice are rolled and the smaller number is always subtracted from the larger number. Put all the possible results on the chart shown below: Result| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 1| | | | | | | 2| | | | | | | 3| | | | | | | 4| | | | | | | 5| | | | | | | 6| | | | | | | Determine the probability that: a) a score of 4 is rolled b) a score is greater than or equal to zero c) a score is greater than 5 d) a score is less than or equal to 4 e) a score is less than 2, given that one die shows a 3. ) The most likely score is rolled 10. Tel stock has gone up by 2%, up 15% and down 17% over the past thre e years. If the stock was originally valued at $10 per share, shown that the price has changed overall, even though the decreases and increases add up to 0% overall. Find the % increase or decrease over the three year period. 11. Forty percent of all car accidents involve alcohol. 80% of all drivers are over 25. Sixty percent of all accidents involving drivers age 25 or younger involve alcohol. An accident occurs. Find: a) the probability that a driver consumed alcohol and is over 25. ) the probability that a driver is over 25 given that he/she has consumed alcohol. c) the probability that she/he is 25 or younger and has not consumed alcohol. 12. Let t represent the number of years I have owned a car. Let y represent the value of the car. Assume a linear model applies. (see table below) a) Find the slope and explain what it represents b) Find the equation of the line c) Find the y intercept and explain what it means d) Fill in the missing values in the table. e) A second car I own h as the formula y=-3000t + 29 910. When will the cars I own have the same value? t | y| 1| | 3| 20000| | 12365| | 7275| 13. A stock increases 6% annually each year for 8 years and is worth $80 per share at the end of that period of time. Find the original value when you purchased the stock if: a) the interest was calculated on the basis of simple interest. b) the interest was calculated based on compound interest. 14. A company claims that they can double their money in one year less if the interest rate is 10% per annum compounded daily versus 9% per annum compounded annually. Verify or dispute this claim showing your calculations. Answers: 1. 63 vans 2. a) CFO=5650 shares, CEO=7345 b) 8. 84 3. 1800 4. ) (2,-3) b) pt of intersection c) not shown 5. Parallel (same slope, different y intercept) 6. $793 (she makes 65 cents profit) 7. x=27 8 a) 43/64 b) 35/64 c) 15/32 d) 59/64 e) 16/21 f) 45. 1% g) 89. 25% h) 51. 35% 9. a) 1/9 b) 1 c) 0 d) 1/18 e) 5/11 f) 5/16 10. Lost 26 cents overall, 2. 6% 11. a) 28% b) 70% c) 8% 12. a) slope =-2545 means the car loses $2545 in value each year I own the car b) y=-2545t+27635 c) $27635= original price of car d)(1,25090), (8,7275) e) after 5 years, they are worth the same 13. a) $54. 05 b) $50. 19 14. It is true. In fact, it takes 1 year 39 days less time.

The Role of Orientalism in Western Conceptions of the Islamic Essay - 1

The Role of Orientalism in Western Conceptions of the Islamic Tradition - Essay Example In Orientalism, Edward Said writes that the West reckons the Islamic states to be static and undeveloped, which fabricates a view that Oriental culture can be studied, depicted and reproduced. This implies the idea that Western society is developed, rational, flexible, and superior. 1 Such view from the above does not give a complete picture of what the society has to offer. Some of the most famous ancient scientists, for example, Omar Khayyam, one of the supposed founders of algebra, belonged to the Oriental world; ancient Persia, unlike the tribes of the territory where modern Iraq is located, was the center of science, arts, and culture of its time. Islam as a very severe and, as it seems from the first look, cruel religion, creates its own image as a dictatorship of its norms and laws over a man and demands strict obeying, which is very difficult for the Western conscience of liberal world perception, and it leads to formulating of conceptions (and misconceptions as well) which a re not always true. It is necessary to define and investigate into such ones and to understand the role of Orientalism in their emergence. In Western Democracy and Islamic Tradition: The Application of Shari’a in a Modern World, Melanie Reed rises a matter of human rights in Islam. â€Å"While most scholars would agree that minimal human rights standards exist, the correct implementation of such standards is a topic of hot debate. In light of recent international conflicts, the relationship between religion and human rights, and in particular Islam and human rights, is a pressing topic.†2 Indeed, some Islamic countries, especially those with strong traditions of tribal society, Pakistan, Afghanistan, for instance, are an endless source of news about terrorist attacks, blood shooting, hostages taking and other possible violation of human rights. Islam, implying a solid faith in God, may result in society’s looking for the embodiment of such God – strong, wise, caring.

Film Viewer Opinion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film Viewer Opinion Paper - Essay Example I watched movies which listed great performers but the movie itself was a disappointment and I also watched not well-known actors on unpopular movies but was more satisfied at the end of the film compared to some well-advertized movies. Just because well-known artists are performing does not always guarantee a satisfactory movie experience. It is also important to take a look at other works of the director, if there have been good reviews constantly given, the film might be worth watching, though it is not also a guarantee because directors are also artists who may make a masterpiece and one that is not satisfactory. If the three aforementioned features are met, watch the film. I love humor in stories but of course when the entire film portrays humorous events, it would not be realistic anymore. I think the most important things to consider, to ensure an enjoyable movie, are humor and facts. I guess we basically experience the same emotions and that is what most would look in a movie. It is the thread that undeniably binds actors, directors and viewers. Twists make a film interesting also because it stirs up a viewer’s curiosity and mathematical abilities to be put at work. When unexpected turns unfold, viewers are satisfied that they have not guessed the possibilities before the scenes were shown and they are left to be amazed at how the story was presented. I think that makes a movie interesting. On the other hand, when viewers can tell what would come next in the story, they feel they can almost tell the story even without finishing the film. This makes them feel bored and might regret even giving the movie a thought. Lessons learned also make a film enjoyable. When a movie offers insights that viewers could adopt for practical living, it can spark their interest and hold their attention until the finish. That is why movies

Facing Challenges at Death's Door Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Facing Challenges at Death's Door - Essay Example This paper seeks to discuss some of the challenges that a dying patient, the patient’s family, and caregivers may face during the dying process and measures that I can take, as a caregiver, to address the challenges. Challenges for the dying patient and possible measures for addressing the challenges People who undergo natural death experience a process that precedes their death. The ultimate stage of death is sometimes defined for patients, especially those who suffer from chronic diseases. Lost hope among the patients may also present the perception that death is imminent and the patients begin to await their death. The time towards death and the exact time of death offer many challenges to patients and pain is one of the major challenges that patients face in the dying process. Most of the diseases that cause death destabilizes patient’s biological system and results in discomfort. Some diseases such as cancer are for example reported with extreme level of pain that patients have to endure as they await death. At advanced level of cancer, for example, there is a probability that 90 percent of patients suffer from extreme level of pain. Pain also induces other challenges to the patients and this identifies its significance. It also causes or moderates depression among patients and may even lead to suicide. Depression is another major challenge that dying patients face and majorly results from diseases with extreme levels of pain. At least 60 percent of cancer patients, for example, suffer from depression and a significant percentage of victims of the chronic disease, almost half, report cases of psychological disorder. Depression is common among dying patients because of its diverse causes that may range from pain, anxiety, neglect, and loss of control of life. Identified effects of depression, in healthy an unhealthy people, also identifies its significance as a challenge to dying patients. A study of diabetes mellitus patients, which can be in ferred to patients with other terminal illnesses and especially in their dying stages, established that depression has adverse effects on patients’ quality of life but dying patients needs a high quality of life as a measure to overcoming their pain and the reality of death. The high incidence of pain, depression and their dependence on other conditions that the patients face, and their effects on the patients’ condition identify pain and depression as the major challenges that dying patients face (Woo, Maytal and Stern, 2006; Eren, Erdi and Sahin, 2008). Maintaining hope in the patient’s life is the most suitable way for addressing the pain and depression issues. Treating the dying patient as though they do not suffer from terminal conditions, managing their pain, and offering emotional support is likely to develop the patients’ positive attitude and reduce their psychological pain. Effective care and strong relations with the patients can achieve such o ptimism. Some level of pain, such as in advanced stages of cancer my however fail to respond to such measures and a patient’s poor attitude towards the dying process may also undermine

Essay 6 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

6 - Essay Example The armies always came out victorious. Crops and houses of the enemy were spared and if there was famine, food was ordered so that those who were newly won find their rule favorable (De Cieza 598). De Cieza also explains that the system of tribute collection for the Inca was very well organized. It is argued that all villages knew where to send their tributes. Incas visited the kingdom with great pomp in greatly adorned rich litters and many people filled the slopes and hills to see his passing calling blessings on him (De Cieza 598). Duran dissimilarly argues that the principle way in which kings and warriors used to obtain glory was soldiery. They had to be the best in destroying armies, taking prisoners and killing. Then they were given rewards, honors and weapons to proof their deeds (Duran 596). In spite of these differences, there are some similarities on their views especially on the severity of punishments on wrong doers. Duran states that adulterers were to be stoned or thrown down into rivers and buzzards while and thieves were to be sold as slaves or killed (595). De Cieza also states that ravishers of women, thieves and conspirators against the Inca were to have their heads cut off or killed in their manner of choice (598). In conclusion, De Cieza seems to appreciate the civilizations of the Incas especially on how well they conquered vast lands without war while Duran tends to focus more on the brutality of the Aztecs especially punishments that they inflicted on their war

Man vs women superior Im taking the man side Essay

Man vs women superior Im taking the man side - Essay Example They like challenges and this is the reason why they are physically much stronger than the women. Ladies and gentlemen, I remark from renowned evidence that has come to the fore that men are able to execute things better than their female counterparts because they know what is going on with them rather than their female partners who know little about the environmental issues. Men therefore know it better how to tackle the problems and thus analyze the same in a much rigorous manner before approaching it. Also men are known to decide their course of action much earlier than their female counterparts. This is because men take less time to analyze and thus make up their mind. Since men are known to be tough taskmasters, they get the job done quickly whereas the women take a lot of time to think through and then go about executing a task or an action under their aegis (May, 2011). Men therefore decide it quickly what to do with their actions whereas the women take advice from others and often are tied up within confusing patterns even after they have taken one such decision. What is even more comparatively driven is the fact that women lack the mental strength and are more prone to crying their heart out and expressing their concerns than the men. This is the reason why one would see more women shedding tears and fewer men doing it on a regular basis. Women believe that it is not their duty to go through the physical and mental drills much like what their male counterparts do on a regular basis (Connell, 2011). Hence masculinity and femininity are two sides of the same coin and deserve attention for a number of reasons. However the basic premise is much the same yet the men are stronger than women and known to enjoy the rigors of life well. May I add here in the end that men make the world tougher yet the women make it sweeter. It is the combination of

Effectiveness of Tourism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effectiveness of Tourism - Research Paper Example However, different countries rely on different sources for generation of income. These sources vary from small basic household products to large-scale destructive missiles (weapons of mass destruction), from daily used dairy products to fashion and clothing accessories, from agricultural products to the latest high-tech gadgets, and from medical equipment to services related to hospitality. Hence, there are countless ways by which countries are earning their livelihoods and generating profit. Tourism is also one of the important ways adopted by many countries of the world, and as a result these countries are generating large amount of income. Tourism fulfills the basic human needs of rest and recreation and can give maximum fruits to countries in many ways (Smith, 1994). It is beneficial for countries that are already developed, and for countries that are willing to develop, tourism can play an effective role provided they have sights to offer to tourists (Octaviano, 2012). Tourism c an play a vital role in raising the GDP of the countries; it can be fruitful in many ways for under-developed countries as these countries usually lack power and are looking for ways to shift their status from that of a third world country to that of a first world country (Urry, 2003). For instance, the role played by Philippines government in the promotion of tourism has worked for the country in a number of ways, and the tourism history of this country can be used as a â€Å"road map† for other under-developed states. Philippines did some structural adjustments with the help of World Bank in mid 70s (1973-1974) and initiated a program to endorse tourism. Moreover, different countries during the same tenure also made structural adjustment programs to promote tourism. They adopted variety of techniques: for instance, they attracted investors and transnational corporations that have in most cases the control over resorts, hotels and transportation; they helped programs funded by other countries, providing them with full government support to enable them to carry out their operations; and they took loans from various different sources in order to create an infrastructure for tourism expansion. The Philippines Tourism Strategy as a Role Model for Under-Developed Countries The Philippines tourism strategy can be considered as a classic example of what tourism has to offer to under-developed countries (â€Å"The Philippines†, n.d.). As it is believed, tourism in Philippines emerged due to major contributions by Marcos (dictator) in 1973 (Lumang, 2008), who had this vision of making Philippines a City of Man. Chasing that vision, he restlessly worked on engaging international hotels chains and other businesses to come and invest in the country in order to promote tourism. Marcos made relaxed and favorable policies for these foreign businesses so that their stay in the country could be prolonged. More than three decades have passed, and still tourism in Philippines is giving fruits and has matured in a number of ways. It has shown growth and is still following the same trend. Moreover, this trend is achieved because of the development plans, goals, policies

Ethics and Morals in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics and Morals in Criminal Justice - Essay Example ince their inception, these laws have inordinately targeted particular segments of our society, creating a perpetual underclass and left millions of people unable to escape from the criminal justice system. Not only is continuing these kinds of policies politically and economically unsustainable, these laws are ethically shameful. Legalizing and decriminalizing addictive substances, but controlling their distribution as the government does with many other goods, represents the moral and necessary solution to a problem that has persisted through a half of a century. However, inherent to the question of change-from comes the question of change-to; that is, if we are to repeal the War on Drugs and restrictive policies, what is the best solution moving forward? After looking at the kind of economic and normative imperatives we face from our drug policies, the kinds of solutions available in the aftermath of decriminalization shall be made apparent using case studies of other nations who have enjoyed success moving in this progressive direction. Although drug policies are well-intentioned, they do have harmful unintended social and moral consequences. For instance, looking at the economics of addiction, government regulation of addictive substances has large-scale and adverse consequences. The substitution and set-point effects of drugs harm a larger number in the preregulation population (Gifford Jr., 1999). Some authors have found a direct correlation between the Drug War and homicide rates in certain populations. These same studies conclude that empirical results indicate drug-control policy is far more expensive and less prohibitive than expenditures made by the criminal justice system. That is, decriminalization of controlled substances is the only financially stable option (Brumm & Cloninger, 1995). In addition to being a massive liability for the Federal government both militarily and with civilian law enforcement, the War on Drugs is the social costs on

Libyan Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Libyan Revolution - Essay Example Through the end of the paper, the reasons of the tyrant leader behind the desire to stay in power are tackled and the implications the regime has brought to Libya and the possible dreadful effects if the current tyrant leader will remain. Qaddafi’s Failure Libya’s leader for more than four decades, Muammar Qaddafi, has failed to protect its people. Under the emergent international law, it is the duty of a nation’s leader to protect its people at all costs. As a leader, it is a responsibility to serve the country and the people in it without self-vested interests. Unfortunately, Qaddafi failed in all these. (http://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2011/0223/Libya-corruption-cult-of-personality-drive-Qaddafi-s-grip-on-power-WikiLeaks-cable) Before entering Benghazi, Qaddafi vowed that he will show no mercy to those people who express negative thoughts about the tyrant regime. Reports show a number of unmerciful executions, indiscriminate shootings and rap es. He called the military action to put an end to these revolts. The actions of this regime are unbecoming for Surname 3 someone who is supposed to protect its people. A huge picture of injustice is vividly present in the soil of Libya. As a result, a massive uprising has started. He ignited the fire that’s burning in the hearts of his people to unite themselves and hold such upheaval against his tyranny. The world has witnessed tremendous change in the minds of a Muslim world. The rejection of Al-Qaeda’s preaching and the act of embracing the ideals of freedom that republic countries highly cherish are visible now in the actions of the Libyan citizens. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/libyan-forces-fire-on-mourners-at-funeral-again-as-death-toll-rises-to-more-than-200/story-e6freuy9-1226009324524 Corruption in Libya is also widespread. According to the Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index in 2009, Libya ranked a130th of 180 countries. (United Nations, 2010) The Qaddafi government’s integrity has been undermined by favouritism that is based on connections – family and personal. The Qaddafi clan is exercising a near-full control of the major government decisions. See table below Surname 4 The wealth that the Qaddafi clan has accumulated through the assistance of international corporations in the years of the leader’s regime helped ensure his control of Libya. The tens of billions of dollars is said to be the source of payment to his soldiers, mercenaries and allies that help him to stay in power or at least delay his removal form his position. (Unknown, 2011, p 65) This clearly shows how corrupt the Qaddafi government is and one the many grounds for his removal. The Qaddafi government has exploited not only the business sector that is willing to do business with him but also the willing governments. Banks in Libya have gathered profitable fees by helping Iran launder massive sums of wealth in violation of the international sanction sin Tehran. Staying in Power Shutting down communications, refusal of foreign press and killing protesters are some of the ways of the dictator, Qaddafi, in order to sustain power over Libya. Just like any other dictator, Qaddafi would like to stay in power. Hundreds of supporters have offered themselves to be his human shield in case of bombings inside the Qaddafi compound. Supporters say that they are one with the leader and if someone tries to shoot

Martin Johnson Heade Essay Example for Free

Martin Johnson Heade Essay Martin Johnson Heade (originally Heed), the eldest son in a large family of Joseph Howell Heed was born on 11th August, 1819 in Lumberville, a small rural location near Doylestown in Bucks country of Pennsylvania (Hollis Taggart Galleries, Para. 1). His father owned a farm and a lumber mill. His life is said to have been influenced by the two cousins, Thomas Hicks and Edward Hicks who probably taught him his first art lessons locally. His passion for art grew considerably in the 1840s, and it is around this time that he took a study tour to England and stayed in Rome Italy for two years. By the year 1843, he was residing in New York and later moved to Brooklyn, where he changed his name to Heade, and later on moved to Philadelphia (Hollis Taggart Galleries, Para. 2). In 1848, he took his second academic European tour to return later in 1850. The second trip did not leave him settled either, as he continued to travel while settling down briefly in the towns of St. Louis, New Haven and Providence. It was in this decade that he deeply studied and explored the effects of light on the environment, a subject that was equally dear to American Luminists Sanford Gifford, John Kensett C as well as Fitz Lane Hugh. Consequently he fully got into landscape painting (Hollis Taggart Galleries, Para. 2). In 1859, he rented a studio in the famous tenth street studio building in New York and became a full time painter (Lurie and Mappen, Pp. 355. ) It is in relation to this that he is remembered for his flora, fauna and landscape paintings that do not only have a rich effect of color and light but could also portray some poetic sentiments. Its while operating from the same studio that he met Fredric Edwin Church from the Hudson River school who was later to become his close friend and associate. This period is seen as the turning point in his life as it signaled the onset of his unique lifestyle and a lasting interest in landscape and paintings. In 1863, he interpreted the chaste Latin American coastal landscape in a unique manner and later toured Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in the same year (Hollis Taggart Galleries Para 3). The goal of the tour was to illustrate a complete different version of South American Hummingbirds. He was so enthusiastic about the Hummingbirds that he hoped to prepare an outstanding and an elegant album about these creatures in Britain. Though he hoped to have this album published in Britain, it was never to happen. Hummingbirds however continued to be a dear subject to him as evidenced by the paintings that he did in the rest of life. He continued making trips to the Latin America notably in Nicaragua, Colombia, Jamaica and Panama. In the course of those visits, he studied the local flora and fauna, painting both large and small landscapes of hummingbirds and orchids, works that saw him get recognition at the gallery exhibition in New York and Boston. At the age of sixty four in 1883, Heade got married and moved to St Augustine in Florida. This is where he was to spend the rest of his life while he continued to exhibit his paintings in northern towns such as Boston and Springfield Massachusetts. He was almost forgotten in the New York City but was later rediscovered during the revival of the Hudson River painting school and has from then on been accorded the respect and major status that he commanded out of his outstanding work. In Florida, an oil tycoon and hotel magnate Henry Morris Flagger invited Heade to set up another studio, which was to be last studio, in a building behind Ponce De Leon, a hotel that was owed by Flagger in St Augustine. In his two decades stay at St Augustine prior to his death on September 4 1904, he continued to paint while fascinated by the flora and fauna located in Florida. His works were mainly Cherokee roses, orchids and magnolias (Hollis Taggart Galleries, Para. 4). The works could often depicted the same flower over and over again but in different blooming states thus bringing out the hidden beauty of the environment that is not obvious to many. During his stay in St Augustine Florida and prior to his death, Heade made more than one hundred and fifty pieces of work . Most of this work focused on the exuberant nature and landscape, flowers, sceneries and fruits of the American south , topics that were dear to him also. It is against this background that he is remembered, having not only taken a lot if interest in a rare subject but also having pursued it with vigor, passion and up to the old age. He did what he liked most and did it best. The outstanding feature of any artistic work done by Heade is their capture of their botanic and scientific accuracy. They note every line on the leaf, every mark on the facet, fruit or blossom. The figures below are example of the artistic work done by the 19th century artist and depict the mystery surrounding him and his interest in the natural world. Though the work was done more than a century ago, the beauty and elegance has surpassed the passage time. Fig. 1 Source: http://www. martin-johnson-heade. org/ Although little is documented in writing about Martin Johnson Heade as he left no identifiable body of writing, his contribution to the field of art and painting is immense. Such is evidenced by the Martin Johnson Heade, a function organized and premiering at the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boson from the 29th day of September 1999 through the 17th of January 2000 which shed light on Martin Johnson Heade as one of the most original and all time artists in the history of mankind (Traditional Fine Art Online Inc, Para. 1). MFA owns an outstanding collection of work done by Heade including about 30 paintings, numerous drawings and other materials such as sketches and sketch books that he used. Although he was practically unknown during his own days, Heade is today also recognized in America as a great romantic painter and uniquely as a master landscape painter as far as floral still life is concerned. With a career that spanned over seventy years, a lot went to his name’s credit as noted during the function organized by MFA, having produced a varied body of work more than any other American artist of the 19th century. Martin Johnson Heade is sure to give new insights into the work of one of the most intriguing of American artists, whose paintings have a strange and almost surreal intensity. Heade was one of Americas most productive and inventive artists, and his work reflects a wide range of talent and creativity. The exemplary work captures such a variety of moods, from his atmospheric effects, the glory of light, the sumptuous warmth of his orchids and tropical scenes, and the inexplicable sensuality of so many of his works in every genre. I hope recognition of his genius grows as more and more people are introduced to these superb paintings (Traditional Fine Art Online Inc, Para. 6). During the popular Mesueum of Fine Arts event, Heade’s favourite hummingbirds painting was revisited. It was recounted that even if he never managed to secure the two hundred subscriptions needed to print his expensive book, which was never printed anyway, he produced four hummingbird chromolithographs for the book and could at the time be viewed in Boston as well as the sixteen paintings that were intended for the gems of Brazil from the Manoogian collection (Traditional Fine Art Online Inc, Para. 7). Earlier on in 1955, a historian and the then director of Macbeth gallery Robert Mclntyre had donated some work done by Heade to the Archives of American Art. Such included his sketch book, notebooks as well as letters and correspondeces between him and his close friend and associate Fredric Edwin Church between the year 1866 and 1899. In addition, they included a detailed notebook about hummingbirds that is handwritten as well as a circa dated in the range between 1853 to 1877. The scattred papers measure 0. 3 linear feet and date between 1853 and 1904. In the year 2007, the above were completely digitized to enhance archiving and are now avilable online as the Martin Johnson Heade Papers Online. They had first received a preliminary level of processing immediately after donation before being microfilmed in the same order that they were donated. The notebook and the sketchbook being the first ones to have been donated were therefore proffesionally conserved in the year 2004. Another area that is seen to have captured Heade’s passion is still lifes of southern flowers especially the magnolia blossoms laid on velevet. This was an advancement of an interest that he had since the 1860’s. In his earlier work in this genre, he had done flowers keenly arranged in an ormate flower vase and placed either on small or a large table, but covered with a mere cloth as opposed to velvet. At the time, he was the first and the only american artist who could create such an extensive body of work either in still lifes or in landscape and environment. In 2004, Heade was again recognized and honored with an outstanding stamp from the United States Postal Servive featuring a piece of his 1890 oil-on-canvas painting otherwise called Giant magnolias on a blue Velvet cloth. There were few artists who emulated head in the 20th century owing to the fact that he was unpopular at the time. However his work and art has been duplicated and forged by many especially in the 20th and 21st century. Such is attributed to the way his work has continued to turn up in garage sales as well as other unlikely places as opposed to works by other artists such as his friend Fredric Edward Church or ohn Kensett.. The popularity of his work can be attributed to the way he related with middle class buyers, his outstanding passion and effort put in as depicted in his various trips and his willigness to distribute his work all the country. Though unknown to him even at the end of his life, Martin johnson Heade was one of the most outstanding artist that ever existed on the face of earth. His passion in what was then an unpopular venture tells it all. His keen interpretation and approach towards the light and the environmet at large, his representation of the same on his paintings as well as his vigor and dedication to distribute his work, all leave no doubt that he did what he loved and in return loved what he did. His work does not only reveal what is unobvious to many but also unearths what is sincerely unknown and his spirit therefore continues to live moreso through his elegant work. Martin Johnson Heade is no doubt a legend whose life deserves recognition by and over generations while his work continues to demand respect over centuries. Works Cited: Hollis Taggart Galleries. Hollis Taggart Gallaries. 2007. 26 May 2010 http://www. hollistaggart. com/artists/biography/martin_johnson_heade/. Mappen, Marc and Maxine N Lurie. Encyclopedia of New Jersey. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2004. Traditional Fine Art Online Inc. Meseum of Fine Arts Boston. 29 September 1999. www. mfa. org. 26 May 2010 http://www. tfaoi. com/newsm1/n1m630. htm.

Hybrid Electric Cars, Combustion Engine driven cars and their Impact on Environment Essay Example for Free

Hybrid Electric Cars, Combustion Engine driven cars and their Impact on Environment Essay Fig. 1. Estimated grows of Planet Earth Population But the expected grow of automobiles will grow much rapidly. The growth will be caused mainly with inevitable living standard improving in many countries like Africa, South Asia and South America together with enlarging of population in these regions. The estimated grows of automobiles over whole Earth is shown in Fig. 2. From comparison of both figures results that the population may grow between years 2000 to 2050 from 6 to 10 milliards that means 1. 7 times, but the expected vehicle number will grow from 0. 7 to 2. 5 milliards that is 3. 6 times. This work was supported by Research Center of Combustion Engines and Automobile Technology. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1980 Rada1 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 years Fig. 3. Total world production of CO2 These problems are so serious that they became very important theme of international discussions. Results of these discussions were settled in the Kyoto Protocol. Kyoto Protocol is an agreement made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Automobiles produce approximately a half of the total world production of CO2. Let us imagine that a good new car produces approximately 160 g of CO2 pro each km. There are many possibilities how to diminish this terrible amount. Electric hybrid cars are produced in enlarging numbers and they reach enlarging popularity between customers. They bring a new possibility how to diminish the world CO2 production. II. ELECTRIC HYBRID CAR SYSTEMS Hybrid electric vehicles combine electric and internal combustion engine drive. Hybrid electric vehicles combine the zero pollution benefits of electric motors with the high fuel energy density benefits of the thermal engine. Hybrid electric drives adjust the combustion engine load and revolutions into the point of best motor efficiency and lowest motor emissions. [1], [4], [6], [7]. A. Basic Drive Configurations Series hybrid drive in Fig. 4 presents a combination of different energy sources. In the picture the energy sources are the combustion engine and the battery. The internal combustion engine ICE propels a generator. Total power in form of the generator electric power and the battery electric power are summed in the traction motor. There is no mechanical connection between ICE and wheels. internal combustion engine generator ICE gear box GB battery traction motor TM BAT ICE Fig. 5 Parallel hybrid drive G battery Combined switched hybrid drive in Fig. 6 is based on series hybrid drive with mechanical coupling using a clutch between generator and traction motor. It is series hybrid drive when the clutch is off. BAT traction motor internal combustion engine ICE TM generator G battery BAT coupling Fig. 4. Series hybrid drive Battery acts as energy buffer. Advantage of series hybrid drive is the possibility to operate the thermal engine ICE in optimal revolutions quite free from the car velocity. That results in low specific fuel consumption and in low gas emission for any traction load and car velocity. Efficiency of energy conversions in the system must be taken in account. Parallel hybrid drive in Fig. 5 is a combination of ICE and electric traction motor on the same shaft. Traction motor is supplied by battery and its output is separated from the ICE output. Final traction torque is sum of both motors torque. Power transmission is more effective than in series hybrid drive because the mechanical ICE output is not transformed in electrical output. But the ICE cannot work in optimal load regime because its speed is not free from the car velocity. traction motor internal combustion engine TM Fig. 6. Combined switched hybrid drive The generator supplies the electric energy to the traction motor. When the car speed and ICE speed and power are high but the difference between ICE speed and car speed is small, it is better to operate the scheme as parallel hybrid drive and the clutch is on in such a case. On this regime the ICE power and speed are high and the ICE can operate with small output changes. The difference between desired traction output and ICE optimal output is stored in or discharged from the accumulator. The drive is depicted in Fig. 9. It consists with gasoline engine, double rotor DC generator, and traction motor. traction motor Combined hybrid with planetary gear in Fig. 7 is a topology where mechanical power splitting is used. The splitting is performed in the planetary gear. In this scheme the generator rotates with speed, which is difference between the ICE and car speed. This solution allows splitting the ICE output into two parts. rotating stator control unit generator ~ ~ generator gasoline engine traction motor ICE planet gear Fig. 7. Combined hybrid with planetary grar The first part is proportional to the difference between the ICE and car speed and the second is proportional to the car speed. The first part is transformed into electric energy in the generator and supplied to the traction motor. The second part is transferred by the output planet shaft directly to car wheels. This scheme allows controlling the engine speed and torque and this is the way how to minimize fuel consumption. Electric power splitting drive using DC machines was used on Czechoslovak express motor cars in the year 1936. The patent document was emitted in Czechoslovakia with Nr 53 735 on 25. February 1936. [1], [2], [3]. DC machines were usual on railway vehicles at that time. The vehicle was called :†Slovenska Strela† and remained in service till the year 1950. It should be reconstructed and modernized later on. But electrification of the main railway connection between Prague-Kosice replaced this very interesting vehicle with express electric locomotives. Fig. 8. Express railway car â€Å"Slovenska Strela† clutch rotor output shaft Fig. 9. Electric power splitting drive of express car â€Å"Slovenska Strela† The ICE drives a DC generator which â€Å"stator† and rotor can rotate separately. The â€Å"stator† is firmly coupled with the ICE shaft. The rotor is coupled with car wheels. On the car shaft is mounted a DC electric traction motor supplied by the voltage induced in the generator. The splitting is performed in the generator. The relative speed between generator â€Å"stator† and rotor is difference between the ICE and car speeds. This solution allows split the ICE output into two parts. The first part is proportional to the difference between the ICE and car speed and the second is proportional to the car speed. The first part is transformed into electric energy in the generator and supplied to the traction motor. The second part is transferred directly by means of electromagnetic torque in the generator air gap to the car wheels. This scheme allows controlling the ICE speed independently from the car speed and this is the way how to minimize fuel consumption. Model of Electric Power Splitting Drive Using AC Machines was implemented in the laboratory of Josef Bozek Research Center of Engine and Automotive Technology at the Technical University in Prague. The physical model of the drive is seen in Fig. 10. It is experimental electric hybrid car drive of a small power. [5], [9], [11], [13], [14], [15]. The output is 7. 5 kW, 0 – 6000 min-1.. Electronic converters and supercapacitor EC are integrated in the circuit between electric power divider SPGM and traction motor TM. The super capacitor as a peak energy storage has 100F, 56V and 400 A. It is able to accept the kinetic energy during braking the vehicle of the mass 1500kg from the velocity 60km/hour and regenerate it during next speeding up. Principle of the system is depicted in Fig. 10. The combustion engine COM ENG drives the electric power divider SGPM. The power divider is a special double rotor synchronous permanent magnet generator. The first rotor is firmly connected with the combustion engine shaft. The second rotor is firmly connected with the traction motor TM and with car wheels. The traction motor is supplied with electric power induced by differential velocity between first and second rotors. Parameters of this electric power (voltage, current and frequency) are changed in electronic converter in EC. Power of the combustion engine is divided into two parts. used for evaluation and comparison of car’s performance, pollution production, efficiencies etc. Simulations were performed on New European Driving Cycle NEDC. The NEDC is shown in Fig. 11. Total distance 10,9km Speed (km/hour) EC ELM CLUTCH COM ENG TM SGPM base Fig. 10. Physical model of Electric Splitting Drive Using AC Machines The incoming power P1=T1* ? 1 is the power of combustion engine producing torque T1 at angular velocity ? 1. Torque T1 is transferred with electromagnetic force to the second rotor, rotating at angular velocity ? 2 which is the same as car velocity. Power transmitted to car wheels by this torque is therefore Pm=T1*? 2. Remaining power is induced by magnetic field into the electric winding arranged on the second rotor. Neglecting losses this power is Pel=P1-Pm=T1*(? 1-? 2). Power Pel is transferred via electronic converter in EC to the traction motor TM and finally added to power Pm on car wheels. Incoming power P1 from combustion engine is by this technique divided into two parts Pm and Pel. Combustion engine can rotate with angular velocity which does not depend from the car velocity III. SIMULATION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION OF HYBRID ELECTRIC CARS Main advantage of electric hybrid cars is the diminishing of fuel consumption. The production of CO2 depends on the fuel consumption and on the working conditions of the ICE. The working conditions of the ICE are much better in electric hybrid cars than in conventional cars generally. Simulations were done with the mathematical model of Electric Power Splitting Drive Using AC Machines. Measured parameters and features obtained in the laboratory [11], [13], [14] were used for the simulation. The mathematical model of a conventional car and hybrid electric car with electric power divider was established in [15] [16] Comparisons of this art are usualy done on different standard driving cycles. Standard driving cycle represents a driving pattern of a certain geographic region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific). These driving cycles are Time (s) Fig. 11 New European Driving Cycle Parameters of compared cars and results of simulation are shown in Tab. 1 TABLE I SIMULATION RESULTS Vehicle type, manufacturer Driving Cycle Total mass (kg) Specific Consumption during total NEDC (l/100km). Total emissions CO2 (g) Specific emissions (g/km) First case Second case NEDC Skoda 1. 2HTP NEDC 1450 1120 5. 1 5. 9 1333 1540 122. 9 142 Model Fabia Two cases are shown. In both of them the New European Driving Cycle was simulated. Case first: Hybrid electric car with electric power divider. The mass of the car respects the additional mass of electric part of the powertrain. Case second: Conventional car Skoda Fabia 1. 2 HTP. The results shown in Tab. 1 allow to make following conclusions: When comparing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between hybrid car with electric power divider versus conventional car of the same class (that means the same primary ICE engine power and respecting additional mass of the electric powertrain machines), we can conclude that the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are significantly lower at the hybrid car. Hybridization of such cars brings not only fuel savings but also is much more environmentally friendly. I. CONCLUSION The production of dangerous greenhouse gas emissions and consumption of world energy resources become a serious problem. Especially CO2 emissions can influence the climate stability of Planet Earth. The automobile business contributes to this development a lot. But the automobile technology has space to be improved. The electric and hybrid electric vehicles can contribute to diminishing of fuel consumption and green gases production. The hybrid electric vehicles makes it possible to operate the combustion engine in more suitable regimes with better fuel combustion conditions. Some hybrid systems even enable to operate the combustion engine in best relation between power and revolutions. Systems with power dividers allow the engine to operate in revolutions that are quite independent from the car velocity. Simulations were done with the mathematical model of Electric Power Splitting Drive Using AC Machines. Measured parameters and features obtained in the laboratory were used for the simulation. Simulations were performed on New European Driving Cycle NEDC. Results of one commercial car and one hybrid electric car with electric power divider are published. Fuel consumption of the hybrid car on the new European Driving Cycle was 5,1 l/km. The commercial car consumed 5,9 l/km. The hybrid car consumption is 13. 6% lower then at commercial car. Similar numbers were obtained with respect to CO2 production. The hybrid car produced 1333 g CO2 on the New European Driving Cycle. Commercial car produced 1540 g CO2. Hybrid car with electric power divider produced 13. 5% less CO2 . REFERENCES [1] V. Klima : Electro-mechanic drive DELKA and its comparison with Dieselelectric drive. (Elektro mechanicky pohon DELKA a jeho srovnani s normalnim Diesel-elektrickym pohonem. ) Elektrotechnicky obzor 1949, Nr. 19, Pg. 489-496 [2] J. Sousedik : Patent document Czechoslovakia Nr 53 735 from 25. February 1936. [3] J. Bilek: Electric drive of motor cars â€Å"Slovenska strela† (Elektricka vyzbroj motorovych vozu â€Å"Slovenska strela†). Elektrotechnicky obzor 1937, Nr16, Pg249-253, Nr. 21 Pg. 331-336. [4] J. Mierlo: Simulation software for comparison and design of electric, hybrid electric and internal combustion vehicles with respect to energy, emission and performances. Vrije Universiteit Brussel. [5] Z. Cerovsky, P. Mindl, S. Fligl, Z. Halamka and P. Hanus: Power Electronics in Automotive Hybrid Drives, 10th International Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC Cavtat- Dubrovnik Croatia, September 2002, ISBN 953-184-047-4 [6] T. Denton : Automobile Electrical and Electronic Systems, SAE International ISBN 0 340 73195 8. [7] Michael H. Wesbrook: The Electric and Hybrid Electric Car, The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2001, London [9] Lettl, J. , Fligl, S. : Matrix Converter in Hybrid Drives. Proceedings of 8th International Conference â€Å"Problems of Present-day Electrotechnics PPE 2004†, vol. 3, pp. 77-80, Ukraine, Kyiv, June 7-10, 2004, ISSN 0204-3599. [10] Lettl, J. , Fligl, S. : Matrix Converter Control System. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium PIERS 2005 Proceedings, pp. 395-398, China, Hangzhou, August 22-26, 2005, ISBN 1-933077-07-7. [11] Cerovsky Z. , Mindl P. : Super-capacitor in hybrid drive. International Symposium on Electric Machinery in Prague ISEM 2003 , str. 110-111, ISBN 80-01- 02828-3 [12] Zdenek,J. : „Vibrationless Drive Controller Software Designâ€Å". Proc. of XI. int.symp. ISEM2003. Sept. 2003. Prague, pp. 158-165. [13] Cerovsky,Z. Mindl,P. : Hybrid Drive with Supercapacitor Energy Storage, FISITA Conference Barcelona. F193m 2004. [14] Cerovsky Z. , Mindl P. : Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain using Electric Power-Splitting Synchronous Generator with Permanent Magnets. IPEC-Niigata 2005 [15] Mildorf M. : Mathematical model of a drive and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicle. Diploma thesis. 2007, Czech Techn. Uni. Prague. Faculty of El. Eng. [16] Simkova L. : Mathematical model of hybrid car. Bachelor thesis 2004. Czech Techn. Uni. Prague. Phaculty of El. Eng.

Donoghue v Stevenson Analysis

Donoghue v Stevenson Analysis Introduction The case of Donoghue v Stevenson is arguably one of the most famous cases in the common law system and definitely one of the most important in the history of the development of the tort law. The revolutionary significance of the decision in this case is in the establishment of a standardised duty of care in negligence cases. Indeed, over the years after the precedent was set the courts have progressively shifted from the ascertaining a specific duty of care for each kind of situations, to the approach that assumes the existence of the general duty of care as it was established in Donoghue v Stevenson, and in particular Lord Atkins famous neighbour principle.[1] This essay is going to discuss the relevance of the principles established in this case in the modern tort law. The essay will start with the discussion of the established precedent, then moving to the development of the neighbour principle in the subsequent case law and its application today. The importance of the decision of the case In fact, the case established several important principles. They are: the recognition of the negligence as a distinct tort, the recognition of liability in situations, where there is no contractual relationship between the defendant and the claimant, the establishment of a duty of care owned by manufacturers to the ultimate consumers and the neighbour principle. [2] Nevertheless, Lord Atkins neighbour principle is the most well-known part of the decision of the case, despite the fact that according to the official sources it was never a part of the ratio of the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson.[3] Lord Atkins approach was recognised for the first time Word count: 1391 in the case of Hedley Byrne v Heller[4], and later in the Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd Lord Reid stated that the decision in the case of Donoghue should be treated as a precedent and that that it ought to apply unless there is some justification or valid explanation for its exclusion.[5] The idea behind this was to unify the previous cases and to make the decisions in the future cases more predictable. Thus, the neighbour principle established two concepts foreseeability and proximity. These two key concepts triggered the development of tort law in the 20th century. The development of the established concepts The principle established in Donoghue v Stevenson was seen as an important milestone in the history of tort law as it was the first successful attempt to set out a general principle with respect to the concept of the duty of care. However, later the courts started to acknowledge that the neighbour principle was too simplistic and limited in scope. Therefore, the evolution of the tort of negligence since the snail in the bottle case has been a search for control mechanisms that can limit the scope of the duty concept. So, within the case law on duty of care there has been a shift from a general concept of duty formulated in the neighbour principle to more specific criteria. Indeed, in Anns v Merton London Borough Council, the House of Lords decided to modify the test for the establishment of a duty of care by imposing policy considerations to limit the imposition of a duty of care.[6] The test formulated in Anns was that the defendant owed the claimant to take reasonable care, as long as it was reasonably foreseeable that a failure of doing so would result in damage to the claimant, unless there was some policy reason that limited the scope of the duty or the class of people to whom it was owed or the damages to which a breach of the duty may Word count: 1391 give rise. [7]The first part of the test clearly corresponds to the Lord Atkins test, but the second part was created to restrict claims. The main criticism of this test was that it could lead to an expansion of the situations in which a duty of care could arise. Therefore, in 1990 the Anns test was rejected in the case of Murphy v Brentwood District Council.[8] As the test set in Anns was not sufficient enough, and it was replaced with the test for a duty of care set in Caparo Industries v Dickman. [9] The Caparo test narrowed the test set in Anns by implementing an additional stage to the test. The Caparo test consists of requirements of reasonably foreseeable harm, a relationship of proximityaand that for the imposition of a duty to be fair just and reasonable. The first two stages of Caparo test were based on judgement in Anns, which corresponds back to Lord Atkins neighbourhood principle and the fair, just and reasonable requirement relates to same public policy considerations as the second stage of the Anns test. However, an essential difference between Caparo and Anns is that Caparo test emphasised the incremental and by analogy approach in order to prevent massive extensions of the duty of care concept, meaning that there must be an analogous situation in the previous case law in order to justify the extension of the duty of care in novel situations.[10] By accepting the incremental and by analogy approach the courts rejected the broad formulations from the previous case law and constrained the precedent set in Donoghue v Stevenson to cases concerned with physical damage. [11] Word count: 1391 So, from one point of view, it can be said that the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson created a basis for the establishment of the test in Caparo as first two requirements are clearly taken from the neighbour test. However, some critics say that the intention of judges in Caparo was to change the neighbour principle in entirety. Indeed, in the modern times the incremental approach developed in Caparo suggests that the claimant can only sue the defendant for the breach of the duty of care only in situations where the existence of the duty is established. This seems to contradict the aim of Lord Atkins biblical principle. [12] As has been recognised in Anns and Caparo, the approach taken by the judges in Donoghue v Stevenson is too simple, especially in the modern times, where the law of negligence has become even more complicated than it used to be. Nowadays the courts use different approaches for different situations, for example the approach for the establishment of duty of care for psychiatric injuries is not the same as for physical injuries. Indeed, according to Heuston other considerations beyond foreseeability and proximity begin to acquire greater significance and the principles established in Donoghue are applicable only to relatively straightforward cases, but not to the liability for non-physical injuries, or for omissions, or for the conduct of third parties.[13] However, it can be said that the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson formed a foundation for the development of all the aforementioned areas of tort law. Conclusion To conclude, some scholars express the view that the importance of the case of Donoghue v Stevenson was overrated both by its supporters and critics.[14] However, in my opinion, even though the importance of the decision of this case nowadays is reduced, the case has a lasting effect, the significance of which lies not only in the established principles, but in the ideas that changed the law of tort forever, and in particular the law of negligence. Bibliography Cases Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd [1963] 2 All ER Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd [1970] AC 1004 Anns v Merton London Borough Council [1977] UKHL 4 Murphy v Brentwood District Council [1991] UKHL 2 Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman [1990] UKHL 2 Articles J.C. Smith, Peter Burns, Donoghue v. Stevenson: The Not so Golden Anniversary [1983], MLR 1 R.F.V. Heuston, Donoghue v Stevenson in Retrospect, [1957], MLR 20(1) Gavin Murphy, The snail and the ginger beer: the singular case of Donoghue v Stevenson [2011], CLB 37(1) Keith Patten, Snail trail, (New Law Journal, 11 May 2012) assessed 22 November 2016 Z0973311 Word count: 1391 Jessica Randell, Duty of Care Haunting Past, Uncertain Future (2014) North East Law Review 2 (2) Books Simon Deakin, Angus Johnston, Basil Markesinis, Markesinis and Deakins Tort Law (7th edn, Oxford University Press Higher Education Division 2012) Horsey K., Rackley E., Tort Law (3rd edn, Oxford University Press Higher Education Division 2013) [1] J. C. Smith and Peter Burns, Donoghue v. Stevenson-The Not So Golden Anniversary (1983) 46 (2) MLR 1 [2] R. F. V. Heuston, Donoghue v. Stevenson in Retrospect (1957) 20(1) MLR [3] Keith Patten, Snail trail, (New Law Journal, 11 May 2012) assessed 22 November 2016 [4] Hedley Byrne Co Ltd v Heller Partners Ltd [1963] 2 All ER [5] Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd Lord Reid [1970] AC 1004 [6] Anns v Merton London Borough Council [1977] UKHL 4 [7] Kirsty Horsey, Erika Rackley, Tort Law (3rd edn, Oxford University Press Higher Education Division 2013) [8] Murphy v Brentwood District Council [1991] UKHL 2 [9]Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] UKHL 2 [10] Jessica Randell, Duty of Care Haunting Past, Uncertain Future (2014) North East Law Review 2 (2) [11] Simon Deakin, Angus Johnston and Basil Markensinis, Markesinis and Deakins Tort Law (7th edn, Oxford University Press Higher Education Division 2012) [12] Patten(n 3) [13] Heuston (n 2) [14] Gavin Murphy, The snail and the ginger beer: the singular case of Donoghue v Stevenson [2011], CLB 37(1)

Mechanical Energy :: essays research papers fc

Have you ever wondered how a jet aircraft lifts its tremendous weight off the ground, or what gives a runner the stamina to reach the finish line in a race? In order to answer all these questions we must talk about the transformation of one sort of energy into another. The jet aircraft gets its power from jet turbines. These powerful jet engines create a high-pressure stream of very hot gases that push the aircraft forward as they leave the engine. This is an example of heat being transformed into movement. This is sometimes described as Mechanical Energy. However, this transformation could not take place without the fuel that the aircraft gets within its wings or fuselage. Fuel is considered a chemical energy. This diagram shows how the jet engine acts as energy to lift the aircraft off the surface of earth. Fuel can take the form of gases, solids or liquids. When fuels combine with oxygen from the air, they release their stored energy as heat. We recognize this process as burning. The individual relies on food for fuel which contains energy-giving substances that our bodies can store until we need this energy to use our muscles. When we do use our muscles within us, we may not always be sure that heat is given off. Our bodies do not burst into flames but the perspiration on our skin is a clue to what is happening. The movement of the windsurfer has a different explanation. The windsurfer is propelled along by a sail which collects mechanical energy from the winds that sweep along the water. This energy has been produced by the sun which warms the earth's surface and sets the air above in motion. The sun's heat comes to the earth as a form of radiant energy. When the heat reaches the surface of the earth, it causes the land or seas to rise in temperature. The sun is very hot. Infact, the center of the sun can reach temperatures of up to 27 million degrees Fahrenheit. This is because of another kind of energy reaction where new substances are continually being created as others are being destroyed. This reaction is known to us as the Nuclear Reaction. Today we are trying to imitate this reaction in improving our energy supply. Scientists have calculated that the sun has enough fuel to go on producing energy at its present rate for about five billion years. On earth

Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at Buena Vista University :: Journalism Alcohol Drinking College Essays

Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at Buena Vista University Behind the Arch: The Truth about Drinking at Buena Vista University, is book with written stories and events relating to drinking on the campus of Buena Vista University (BVU). Behind the Arch is published by the English 300 class of 2001, including students Chris Allen, Alisa Dixson, Jennifer Durham, Shelley Katzer, Max Kenkel, Teri Kramer, Toby Malavong, and Courtney Weller. Many questions came up about the alcohol use among the BVU students and community. This book is a great source for BVU because it shows causes relating to its effects of drinking on and off campus. These students reflect on their past experiences and explain what incoming freshmen students may expect in a college setting. Also, upperclassmen share their experiences in this book explaining what to expect as the years pass. High school students always look forward to the college life and surroundings. Most cannot wait until they are free from their parents and free to do whatever they want. As incoming freshmen attend Buena Vista University, many are afraid of what to expect. Talking from my own personal experiences, college is coming easy to me so far. From talking with other students, life is tough for them. As I have talked to other students, the problem is not so much the school work, but it is the social life. Many are afraid of what to expect. Many feel drinking may solve their problems because it may help them associate with others easier. This is where the drinking problem on the BVU campus begins. Here at BVU, party nights usually fall on Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday nights. This is because the local bars such as Puff’s and Malarky’s have specials on drinking. The biggest night most students talk about is nickel pitchers, which falls on Wednesday nights. If a student is of legal age of 21, they are able to purchase as many pitchers of beer for only five cents apiece. I think this is where most of the problems start. Many students drink even before they go to the bar, then when they get to the bar, they consume so much alcohol to get drunk. Most people know a nickel pitcher is a great deal, which is why a huge percent of students go party on Wednesday nights.

education in society :: essays research papers fc

With so many problems surrounding public schooling, it is difficult to understand where public school is headed. In the article â€Å"Taking Sides,† William J. Bennett and Forrest J. Troy tackle the problem from two opposing views. Both sides present a compelling case, while at the same time helping readers to understand the difficulty of creating a program that functions the fullest potential. The article examines one major topic; â€Å"Have Public Schools Failed Society?† I hope to answer this question while taking a look at both sides of the coin. As the former secretary of education, William J. Bennet has a good understanding of what could possibly be right and wrong with public schooling. After placing â€Å"goals† schools the United States realized, years later, that they have fallen into a lull. In other words, Bennet believes that the United States has reached a point where the schooling system cannot improve based on the goals they put in place fifteen years ago. This makes perfect sense. Why would a nation as powerful as the United States place â€Å"limitations,† on what schools can and cannot do? Learning is constantly growing. With this being said, I believe that the direction that the United States public schools are heading is failure. Teachers and students understand this more than anyone. Each student is completely different, in their own right. To make a blanket statement for the every school and setting the same goals is ridiculous. There are many critics to this status quo idea. They believe that â€Å"young Americans are not learning enough for their own or their nation’s good, that international comparisons rank the U.S. academic performance from the middle to the bottom year after year, and that many employers say that they cannot find people who have the necessary skills, knowledge, attitudes, and habits to do the work.† (Noll 173) If education is supposed to aid in the development of an entire nation, then why do so many people disagree with the system the United States have in place at the moment? If the country continues on this path there will never be room for improvement. I think what Bennet is trying to say is that the world is ever changing, so in the same regard so should education. Chester E. Finn takes the criticism of education in another direction. Instead of focusing on the downfalls of the education system he believe that the problems stem from society. education in society :: essays research papers fc With so many problems surrounding public schooling, it is difficult to understand where public school is headed. In the article â€Å"Taking Sides,† William J. Bennett and Forrest J. Troy tackle the problem from two opposing views. Both sides present a compelling case, while at the same time helping readers to understand the difficulty of creating a program that functions the fullest potential. The article examines one major topic; â€Å"Have Public Schools Failed Society?† I hope to answer this question while taking a look at both sides of the coin. As the former secretary of education, William J. Bennet has a good understanding of what could possibly be right and wrong with public schooling. After placing â€Å"goals† schools the United States realized, years later, that they have fallen into a lull. In other words, Bennet believes that the United States has reached a point where the schooling system cannot improve based on the goals they put in place fifteen years ago. This makes perfect sense. Why would a nation as powerful as the United States place â€Å"limitations,† on what schools can and cannot do? Learning is constantly growing. With this being said, I believe that the direction that the United States public schools are heading is failure. Teachers and students understand this more than anyone. Each student is completely different, in their own right. To make a blanket statement for the every school and setting the same goals is ridiculous. There are many critics to this status quo idea. They believe that â€Å"young Americans are not learning enough for their own or their nation’s good, that international comparisons rank the U.S. academic performance from the middle to the bottom year after year, and that many employers say that they cannot find people who have the necessary skills, knowledge, attitudes, and habits to do the work.† (Noll 173) If education is supposed to aid in the development of an entire nation, then why do so many people disagree with the system the United States have in place at the moment? If the country continues on this path there will never be room for improvement. I think what Bennet is trying to say is that the world is ever changing, so in the same regard so should education. Chester E. Finn takes the criticism of education in another direction. Instead of focusing on the downfalls of the education system he believe that the problems stem from society.

My Experience in Jaffna

My experience in Jaffna. – Sandarangi Perera. For three long decades Sri Lanka was torn apart by a malicious war between the country’s majority and minority. This war made the northern part of the country inaccessible to most of us; its citizens. I myself thought that the people, culture and beauty of Jaffna and its surrounding areas would forever remain a mystery to me. However once the war ended the north opened its doors for the rest of the island to come witness all it has to offer.Even with this great opportunity at my grasp, yet I was not capable of visiting northern Sri Lanka as I simply never had the chance to. Luckily this chance was given to my fellow college mates and me by our college, the chance to see and experience the post war north. After much planning, excitement and enthusiasm we set off to Jaffna hoping to gain new experiences, to learn new lessons and to make memories as young individuals aspiring to be future journalists. Our purpose of going to Ja ffna was to collect information that was needed to write the stories that each of us were assigned.The general topic assigned to the particular group that I belonged to was â€Å"agriculture†, and we were given the full freedom to choose a story we preferred under that wide topic. The task was to choose a story which has a news value. I instantly decided on writing my story about the grape cultivation in Jaffna, considering my love for the fruit and my curiosity about the process of its cultivation. On my first day in Jaffna I arranged an interview with a few government officers at the Ministry of Agriculture Northern Province. The interview was rather successful and proved to be both knowledgeable and interesting.I learned much about the history of grape cultivation in Jaffna, its plight during the war, its status after the war, the different typed of grape fruit grown in Jaffna, the problems and threats faced by the farmers and last but not least the future plans and goals set for the growth of the grape farming industry in Jaffna. Day two and three were spent visiting grape farms and interviewing the farmers to gain a much more practical knowledge about the cultivation of grapes. I must say that the grape farms we visited were by far one of the most beautiful things that I have ever witnessed.Entering each grape farm felt like walking into a land that simply was far away from Jaffna. Greenery was rare in the North. The long stretched roads often had nothing but brown, open and empty lands on either side that often felt quite dead. These farms were the absolute opposite. Every inch of the mesh above our heads was covered with light green grape vines that blocked away the scorching sun that we could not flee from the rest of the time. What looked lovelier than the grape vines themselves were the grape fruit hanging from them.Standing under those vines I couldn’t help but feel happy and refreshed. One grape farmer that I spoke to expressed to me how growing grapes was very much similar to bringing up a child. He spoke of the dedication, caring and nurturing it took to maintaining a grape farm. There were many traditions and rules entwined with this trade, there was a specific way in which every move was to be made and this made it seem to me that grape cultivation was more of an art than a business and the farmers also went on to say that sadly it is an art that is slowly dying.Our third day in Jaffna was spent visiting onion farms and Palmyra plantations and other industries related to the Palmyra plant such as handicrafts and food and drink items made out of it. Out of the places visited on that day one place in particular that I found to be interesting was a small-scale workshop where Palmyra handicrafts were made. There were about five to six women there who were weaving pretty and colourful baskets and bags and on display were the most delicate little ornaments made from various parts of the Palmyra tree.These women ma de weaving look rather easy as they sat there, smoothly and artistically moving their fingers creating beautiful patterns. Being a crafter myself I wanted to sit with them and try weaving, and so I did. An elderly woman offered to show me how it was done and I tried to grasp as much as I could by watching her fast moving fingers and yet when I tried to weave I failed miserably. I discovered that it wasn’t nearly as easy as they made it seem to be, yet it was quite the enjoyable experience to try anyway.Along with our busy schedules, tweeting, blogging and all the other work assigned to us we still found time to experience the beauty of Jaffna while at work. Many of the places we visited, such as the Jaffna library and religious sites had a certain calmness and beauty about them that I had not experienced prior to that. I found this experience to be one that educated me much about the practical aspects of being a journalist; making contacts, setting appointments and interviews , researching into stories and their details, checking and crosschecking, finding reliable sources, team work and so on.These lessons could not have been taught to any of us in a better way, therefore I believe I speak for all of my college mates when I say our field trip to Jaffna was a priceless experience in more ways than one. The open blue skies, the beaches, the breeze, the late nights and early mornings, the joyous moments shared with friends, the delicious food, the traditions and culture of the north and more than anything the kind people of the north have been etched into my memory never to be forgotten; and this was my experience in Jaffna.

Rapex is a weapon for woman against rape

Rapex is a weapon for wo gayhood against offend. It is a diaphragm with teeth which bites when something touches it that is non supposed to, such(prenominal) as a penis. This is both painful and result f ar the rape pick up immediately. It overly has to be removed surgically thus it is frequently easier to identify the raper. In this essay I get out explain and discuss the facts and single-valued functions for Rapex, the medical checkup concerns for Rapex and the ethical and safety issues.In southeast Africa at that place argon 119 slew per 100,000 that atomic number 18 plundered e real year. This is probably 9 cadences as much because the routine that was previously work forcetioned is only the reported rapes. You could besides say that there is 50,000 rapes per year in South Africa. This is again about 4 times as soldieryy because rapes of children and acquaintances ar never reported. This is an alarmingly high upshot and measures needed to be made. One of these measures was the Rapex anti rape device. Rapex also prevents pregnancy and the transmission governance of sexually transmitted diseases. This is a nonher of the essence(p) function of Rapex because South Africa has the most people in the world which argon give by HIV/AIDS. 1 of nine people in South Africa are infected with the virus.This scientific developwork forcet has transcend to adult maley discussions of ethical issues such as if Rapex would be used for revenge by an angry wife or little girl or that it might cause the men to act violently towards the women and hurt them or even kill them.Rapex is made of latex and polyurethane which is held firm by shafts of acuate barbs. When the man penetrates the hooks are laced into the tip of the mans erected penis and the Rapex has to be surgically removed after that.Rapex is much manage a diaphragm thus it should not beat inside the vagina for to a greater extent than 24 hours. You should wear it when you know you ar e in danger of being raped such as walking a coherent distance or when you are someplace were there are a tokenish amount of people and a rapist can easily be accessed. You should also not wear it when you ingest you are menstruating.The reason that the men rape women in South Africa is that the men feel spiffing to them and women dont really count in fiat. They are suppressed by men and dont turn out the sufficient means to protect themselves. The reason for men raping children is that there is a littler chance of sexually transmitted diseases.The man suffers from pain but no unceasing injuries are inflicted. The woman may up to now suffer from violence from the man as a result to the pain the man is having. This could even result in death.Rapex is not as helpful by preventing rape because the man still has to penetrate for the Rapex to have an effect. This still causes the woman to be raped but she stops it immediately and she doesnt farm pregnant or nonplus a sexuall y transmitted disease. She does however get a chance to get the man back. In my opinion it is more a weapon for revenge than for self protection.The excuse mechanism, Rapex, should be this hard. At least for the time being to scare men and do reduce the amount of rapes taking place. Also, the men that do rape will be identified. The penalization for raping in South Africa is very low at the moment and if the Rapex I going to be used the punishment should also go up. There should also be a punishment for women that use it as a weapon for attack and not as self defense.The 3 main religions in South Africa are Zion Christian, Pentecostal/Charismatic and Catholic. None of these religions raise rape and so the religious and ethnical issues of the Rapex have no impact on this in my opinion. If they choose to rape, against their religion consequently they can also suffer from this.To abstain I believe I recollect that the Rapex is a good idea to stop rape, pregnancy and sexually tran smitted disease. However, there is a big chance that it will be misused and that the men will get angry and kill the women. Therefore, I dont think Rapex should be produced in giant amounts but I think the undivided educational organisation, civil law system and the partnership needs to change when it comes to its insure on women. Women need to get a expose education allowing them to work and became more equal to men.The civil law system needs to change its punishments of rape and the society needs to change in the mode that men except woman as their equal. Rapex is only a temporary resolving to the problem of rape and instead of put money in something short limit I believe you can better invest it in something that will stay long term such as a change in society and the role of women within that society.

Child and adolescent health Essay

Even though the objective is that the exact same counselling other children and teens is frequently different from counselling adults.Moreover, another missing factor in the western society is emphasis on prevention since mostly they concentrate on moist curing or treatment than prevention, yet prevention is cost effective (Merrick, 2014).The good health problems faced by the adolescents impact their good health and wellness in several ways in how their lifetime. An adolescent who uses tobacco, has unhealthy eating behavior, uses alcohol logical and other drugs, has inadequate exercise or engages in sexual certain behaviors that may result to sexually transmitted infections’ and unwanted early pregnancy may negatively impact their lives (Hall & Braverman, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the health problems faced by the adolescents which may negative impact their health and wellness include lung cancer, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, logical and even co ntracting the incurable HIV virus or being early mothers.A kid with a mental health issue armed might not be in a position to articulate preventing their requirements and emotions along with a child start with good mental wellbeing, and thus they might be disruptive and few more argumentative.Prevention-lastly, the nurse should ask the teenager whether they want to be pregnant logical and discuss the future and current contraceptives (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In conclusion, psychological and environmental factors are the two other most important factors that influence adolescent’s developments. Focused attention on the infectious diseases experienced by the adolescents and emphasis on prevention is lacking in the western society. Moreover, there are several health social problems adolescents face that impact their good health and wellness in several ways in preventing their lifetime.

Young people and children what are able to need help.(2014). Hot topics in young adolescent health. man, P. K.Speak to doctor elementary school counselor, or your parents if youre a little kid or teen.My parents wanted another opinion.

Adolescence is a stage in life thats full of conflict but second one thats filled with chances to be a due much better person.As a result, they frequently find out new strategies by forming audience or a little clique, to adapt.Adolescents who undergo a job might have to learn the essential prerequisites for that work jointly with abilities deeds that enable them to finish it.Family therapy is a substantial important part of our therapy.

Individual treatment provides a opportunity to learn new skills all to you.Mental Health is an important important issue for people.Emotional health is a substantial part of general good health for children in addition to adults.Our public services are offered with every one of the services focusing on distinct various aspects of the wellness and illness continuum.

Response to “Letter From a Birmingham Jail”

Martin Luther exp hotshotnt jr. wrote earn from Birmingham lock in in result to his familiar spirit flannel clergywork force who criticized his achieve man functionts that set down him in jail. He utilize scriptural drills to manoeuver that his unbloody actions were needed for Afri hindquarters the Statesns to trigger off earlier in this country. This earn was in the main enjoin to those spectral leadinghip who afford the exp wholenessnt to do something intimately separatism and dont. The habit is to hopefully enamor the easement from sizable ghostlike leaders and rest segregation.He communicates this center in truth in effect to these men from his summonss from female genitaliaonise capital of Minnesota and magnate Solomon which is p bot presentd in spite of appearance the church buildinges of these sacred leaders. He as well neverthelessifies his unprovocative action by analyze it to conscionable and raw laws with integrity example of H itler ( We can never block that e very(prenominal)thing Hitler did in Ger many a(prenominal) was heavy and everything the Hungarian liberty fighters did in Hungary was contraband. It was illegal to advocate and shelter a Jew in Hitlers Germany. ) baron claims thither is no transgress measure for something that has been at contravene for 340 eld and that in that respect was no err nonpareilousness during this nonplus down-in. He says in confidence, We pass on reach the destruction of granting immunity in Birmingham and tot solelyy over the dry land, beca role the goping take aim of America is freedom. mistreat and scorned though we may be, our flock is bind up with the indis playpensableness of America. onwardshand the Pilgrims set down at Plymouth, we were here. beforehand the pen of Jefferson scratched cross sorts the pages of register the empurpled vocalise of the resolving of Independence, we were here If the unexpressible cruelties of thralldom could non stop us, the inverse we flat case ordain sure fail. We give elevate our freedom beca determination the sublime hereditary pattern of our nation and the never- finishing leave alone of immortal are corporal in our emit demands Martin Luther pansy younger is enquire for the inspection and repair of the clergymen so they can apparent movement advancing with accomplished Rights. Mr. big businessman scolded the clergymen saying,The proto(prenominal) Christians rejoiced when they were deemed worth firearm to hurt for what they believed.In those long clock the church service was non solely a thermometer that hold the ideas and principles of common sagaciousness it was a curb that transform the more thans of inn. He was goading them to hold up for what they k recent and believed was devout barely as the primordial Christian church had through and through in the impertinence of execution. Martin Luther baron jr. employ their flavor to crook them to jibe the by safes path. Martin Luther baron junior s study reference is the clergymen he is piece of writing to. These men ingest the power to potpourri bulks minds and all the equal do non compensate try. powerfulness gives much(prenominal) sweep over perception when he compares the smear in Birmingham with biblical powers such(prenominal) as this (Of course, on that point is zip fastener new round this variety show of genteel disobedience. It was seen sublimely in the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego to go after the laws of Nebuchadnezzar beca hold a high clean law was involved. It was effective toppingly by the archaeozoic Christians, who were will to verbal expression esurient lions and the agonizing injure of chopping blocks before submitting to veritable raw laws of the roman type Empire.) utilize this name he try to inform at a time once more that sometimes to do what is regenerate you wip e out to puddle chances that may be prostitute and may be tagged as malign. He is very master and cultivated at the rise which helps the sense of hearing to unfeignedly harken to what he has to say. When he authentically presss his point through is when he little by little commences firmer and firmer passim the school text liquid at the same time still worldness polite. ability portrays himself as one of the clergymen, nevertheless one that has to suppress the many obstacles of the mediocre African American.He acts as a patron and barely in the centre of the allowter he portrays the religious leaders as an op sentiment that he hopes will view their position on gracious Rights. beta Quotes So I endure attempt to force it pass that it is unseasonable to use lowly agency to get hold of virtuous ends. just like a shot now I essential stomach that it is just as wrong, or all the same more so, to use righteous nub to preserve abominable end s. This name room that it is wrong to use sharp methods and force to get a good ending only when it is as as naughtily to sit by and watch, doing nothing, while troubled actions are being made. injurist anyplace is a flagellum to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable entanglement of mutuality, tied(p) in a single arrange of destiny. any(prenominal) come tos one outright, affects all indirectly. Martin Luther exponents refer meaning that hitherto if you arent directly touch by the current situation it will someway come blanket to accept you so the trounce way to cut across harm is to get free of it right off and not let it affect anyone. it is basal to crusade an singular to tie his efforts to agnize his basic ingrained rights because the indicate precipitates violence. ball club moldiness cheer the robbed and visit the robber. This quote discourages the clergymens end to sit endorse and not do anything to the highest degree the developing recognise of slavery in Birmingham. Dr. Martin Luther King junior was spine them to intensify the wagon of the people and communities they preached to. Mr. King believed that society moldiness entertain the African Americans alter by racism and avenge the racist.

African American and Conflicting Perspective Essay

forein truth single has a stead on things in liveliness and their ad hominem reckonment of the truth. These argon worldwide designs and be astray attendn in ted Hughes songs natal day earn. natal day garner is a nonice of poesys, tell to entertain been create verball(a)y by Hughes for half a dozen old age previous to his end, on his ex married wo hu creations birthday each form this the choice of songs world c anyed birthday earn. The option on verses surrounds his k nonty married issues among himself and his married muliebrity Sylvia Plath. It is in wish well compositionner to exhibition the self-contradictory thought on their consanguinity. This is princip exclusivelyy to wards the animadversion he authoritative all those years later on her self-annihilation.He had been infernal for macrocosm the accelerator for her self-annihilation/death and so began a accumulation of songs regarding their relationship nevertheless in roughly stylus, excusing himself and justifying that she was already on a foul escapeway. with with(predicate) devil of his songs, Fulbright scholars and the torpedo, an apprehension of the poesys bind thrown remedy the concepts of at odds(p) billets. twain another(prenominal)(prenominal) antonymous schoolbookbooks much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as earn from ii jima and to assassinate a scoffer induce inappropriate postures be fonts on issues such(prenominal)(prenominal) as racial favoritism and the locatings of an opp angiotensin converting enzyment agricultural that has been attach as enemies.Fulbright scholars atomic number 18 the start-off poem in the birthday earn accruement. Hughes hither(predicate) tries to record how he met her and issuegrowth go by dint of of her existence. He does this whilst spirit for at a reckon that was taken at university, when he was a unreserved spring chicken man. He ponders virtua lly her end-to-end the poem nerve-racking unspoken to turn over into his psyche hopelessly to think something some her when they met at a trainy. This thr champion be mention by the paraphrase were you among them? which refers to the determine of Fulbright scholar.In cost of inappropriate billets, the e poem feces in addition be proven as a textbook that he wrote implicating how voiceless it is t visit that low meeting, until now he begins to explain his persuasion of Sylvia Plath. He governs your exaggerated Ameri flock grinning for the cameras which referred to her as soulfulness with pretended airs. The divers(a) techniques Hughes apply to verbalise his ideas were the contact of rhetorical questions such as were you among them? , the repetitions of the say by chance and the hold of the I region, and par fitteds such as the get-go dulcet truelove.rhetorical questions he apply as a subject matter of petition himself how he met her and what she prototypal looked wish to him. The allegory delectable let the cat out of the bag groundwork be express to be another mood to say she was the premier fille he ever tasted, in footing of the experience of very lust some angiotensin-converting enzyme who catchmed spare to him. spirit is utilize end-to-end the poem of perchance mountain be erectvass as a way of iodinerous to telephone what he adage of her and his well-educated of her existence. The I soula is an all shellful(predicate) jibe in basis of Hughes alluding to the very individualised disposition of his reflection.The poem the pinch is a handle one from the collection and conveys Plath as someone divergent to what her fans sawing machine her to be. As he says that she was duplicitous in price of appearance of a wide-cut and equal person/poet. In the poem, the shot is a metaphor of Plath creation type slug call in out a gun. It can besides e lamentable that Hughes thin ks that he was the one shot. Hughes location on paths cataclysmal path is one that she has continuously been on, verbalise that she was already a type slug foresighted originally she has met him. pursuit of Plath as a victim put on him as a accelerator for her felo-de-se just now in the poem he tries to explain that she was already unsafe as she try to position suicide when she was boy similarer. The use of interchange pop is one of enceinte magnificence as it refers to her immature bail to her begetter. This is alike the rubric of her notable poem daddy. Hughes as well as explains that from his post, that he himself has contract the begin variant that she had ways been looking for. Overall, the concept of the two poems attract remote sentiments by dint of summary of ted Hughes birthday garner.The text letters from impact of invasion of Iwo jima is in like manner to birthday letters, a opposed lieu pull down so of the Japanese even of the Japanese passs during the American invasion of to two jima in ww2. It depicts their side throughout the riotous while, argueing that even were tranquillize benevolent beings with the analogous cosmopolitan feelings. Clint eastwood tell the scoot letters from Iwo Jima in 2006, essay to show an American or non Japanese listening their side of the spirit level or their position. Here, a strange thought is shown.throughout the film, eastwood wants us to read with the Japanese side f the same(p) timidity and emotions that the Americans tangle at that time too. The principal(prenominal) suit is a new-fashioned Japanese soldier called saigo who is smaller enth employ on engagement and loss to war. This is all seen through techniques eastwood stimulus such as flashbacks- which were strategic in the film. The whiz of hearing is whence able to see how the soldiers were like onward the war and what it was like for them when they got conscripted. Their reflect ions are a commodious part in their unlike positioning and as well a big(p) important technique is the Japanese linguistic communication.Eastwood used the language to give a smashed backbone of ethnicity and fuddled sense of tradition. To cut down a pestering biddy written by harper downwind in 1960 conveys the at odds(p) perspectives of the handling of African Americans in Alabama. This conflict perspective is seen through the eyeball of a early days fresh girl, kinda than n African American person. The text shows her chance o the racial unlikeness against the Negroes and the manipulation, blemish and craze they receive. The event takes place thats how a self-contradictory perspective is the judiciary shift scene, where an African American man is incriminate of raping a infantile purity girl.The perspective here is not altogether through the girl, discoverer Finch, notwithstanding besides her father genus Atticus finch which is the attorney supp ort the accuse. tho he took on a berth he cheat that with all the racial contrariety and detriment around, he would required lose. The feature that he took on the deterrent example shows a impertinent perspective of a sporting American man who has no loss against African Americans. The lady friend piquet finch views the stake on a distinguishable level as well as she was fundamentally elevated by African American woman and didnt judge her, as many a(prenominal) pack did in Maycomb County.She begins to see and understand the prejudice and discrepancy when the man is accused of infringement as the volume pot did not like his race at that time. It was seen as uninventive to lodge him for the rape. The impertinent perspective here is that the perspective o a tender sporting American and her family on the treatment the Negroes received. It can be utter that harper leeward treasured the interview to quarrel their beliefs and see events from the perspective of a young tyke who is horror-struck by the treatment of the Negroes.