Psychological Assessment of Richard Ramirez

Psychological discernment of Richard RamirezPurpose of AssessmentRichard Ramirez, also known as the Night Stalker is currently cartridge holderd to large(p) punishment for multiple counts of murder, attempted murder, sexual assaults, and burglaries. For a final pass along ahead his death, Mr. Ramirez has requested a psychological quantifyment be conducted as to evaluate his rational health when committing his crimes. In order to conduct the sound judgement, I bequeath be reviewing Mr. Ramirezs vicious narrative and prior events failing up to his crimes analyzing any patterns germane(predicate) to the assessment. In concluding the review of Mr. Ramirezs tarradiddle, I allow for conduct a psychological assessment and determine in my everyplacelord view any mental illness Mr. Ramirez has and state the symptoms he may execute using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of affable discommodes (DMS-V Ameri female genitals psychiatric Association, 2013).Description o f the CrimeBetween the years of 1984 and 1985, Mr. Ramirez committed several(prenominal) acts of sexual assault, murder, attempted murder, and burglaries until his arrest on August 29, 1985 (Crime Investigation, 2014). Mr. Ramirezs first victim, Jennie Vincow, was burglarized and sexually assaulted during a burglary in her home (Crime Investigation, 2014). Nine months after the death of Jennie Vincow, Mr. Ramirez attacked Angela Barrios and kil lead her roommate, Dayle Okazaki (Crime Investigation, 2014). However, restless with the results from his assault that evening, Mr. Ramirez stabbed Tsai Lian Yu in the same night (Crime Investigation, 2014). Through bug come on the next quintette months, Mr. Ramirez repeated the same assault with his victims, in which, his attacks escalated rapidly that had murdered, injured, and sexually assaulted 22 other state until his arrest (Crime Investigation, 2014).Prior to his sinful convictions, Mr. Ramirez had a iniquitous record from his y kayoedh that had began with petty crimes much(prenominal) as robberies in 1977 placing him in juvenile detention (Crime Investigation, 2014). Years later, Mr. Ramirez engaged in criminal acts such as burglary and car theft in 1983 which led to a sentence in jail where he was released in April 1984.Psychological HistoryMr. Ramirezs companionable history has exhibited persistent patterns of exposure of criminal behaviour and violence. At and beforehand(predicate) age, Mr. Ramirez was exposed to an abusive nature as his father was abusive (Famous People, 2016). During his childhood, Mr. Ramirez was influenced by his older cousin, named Mike, which had told and shown pictures of violent acts that he ingestd fleck serving in the Vietnamese War, introduced Mr. Ramirez to do mediciness, and had killed his wife in the presence of Mr. Ramirez (Crime Investigation, 2014). As an adolescent, Mr. Ramirez moved to San Francisco, then Los Angeles. term residing in San Francisco and Los Ang eles, he had continued petty theft crimes to fuel his drug addiction as he then used cocaine and LSDs, which led Mr. Ramirez in an interest of Satanism (Famous People, 2016). With being exposed to violence and crime, Mr. Ramirez dropped out of high school and ventured into criminal acts (Famous People, 2016)Current Psychological FunctioningIn this section of the assessment, I will conduct an analysis of Mr. Ramirezs criminal history and the relationship between any potential mental disorders that may lead to any recidivism. This section will discuss two subtopics. First, I will provide a quick assessment of Mr. Ramirez in relations to extradite Disorder and the symptoms outlined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-V American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Second, I will then assess Mr. Ramirez for mental disease using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R H atomic number 18, 2016).Conduct DisorderAccording to the diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Me ntal Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), Conduct Disorder refers to a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the grassroots rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated (p. 469). In order to be diagnosed with Conduct Disorder at least tierce of the following 15 criteria must be shown within 12 months, with at least one characteristic present within 6 months (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)Bullies, threatens or intimidates others oftentimes initiates physical fightsHas used a weapon that can seriously cause physical harm to othersHas been physically cruel to peopleHas been physically cruel to animalsHas stolen while confronting victimHas forced someone into sexual activityDeliberately engaged in fire setting with innovation of causing serious damageDestroyed others property (other than fire setting) wiped out(p) into someone elses house, building, or carOften lies to obtain goods, favours, or to repeal ob ligationsStolen items of nontrivial value without confronting the victimStaying out at night despite agnatic prohibitionsRuns away from home overnight at least twice while living with a guardian or once without returning for a lengthy period of timeIs often missing from school ground on the details of Mr. Ramirezs report and the diagnosis of Conduct Disorder that Mr. Ramirez does acquire the symptoms of the mental illness. Mr. Ramirez exhibits ten out of the possible symptoms listed above. During childhood and adolescent years, Mr. Ramirez would have often dealt with using drugs with his older cousin, Mike, and missed/dropped out of school to watch a life of crime. With all of his victims, Mr. Ramirez has displayed violent intentions by intimidating, torturing, and sexually assaulting his victims before physically harming or killing them with either a knife or a gun. In assaulting and murdering his victims, Mr. Ramirez would initially engage in burglarizing his victims houses and cars.The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R)The comment of mental disease can be defined as persuasive ruttish and interpersonal deficits, impulsivity and antisocially (Hosker-Field, Molnar, Book, 2016). To measure psychopathy on an individual, the use of a psychological instrument called a Psychopathy Checklist-Revised is used as it assesses the characteristics of psychopathy by reviewing any reports, interviews, or various sources of the individual to determine their level of psychopathy (Storey, Hart, Cooke, Michie, 2016). During the assessment of the PCL-R, it is comprised of two factors. The first factor or factor in 1, is comprised of the interpersonal and affective characteristics of psychopathy ( lapin Neumann, 2010). The second factor or Factor 2 reflects more of the antisocial characteristics of the individual (Hare Neumann, 2010). The total of characteristics being applied are 12 with six characteristics in both factors. On a shoot down system of 0 to 2, a hol d of 18 and over out of 24 will determine that the individual is have psychopathy. A score that is 12 or under will determine that the individual is a non-psychopath. As a result of the PCL-R assessment, Mr. Ramirez had scored a 9 out of a possible 12 in Factor 1, and scored a 9 out of a possible 12 in Factor 2. In conclusion, Mr. Ramirez, in my professional opinion meets the criteria of being a psychopath in the assessment of the PCL-R.Relevant Psychological FunctionBased on Mr. Ramirezs criminal history and the early exposure of violent and criminal life events, the most relevant theory for understanding his criminal behaviour is the trauma-control model. Trauma-control model argues that with the combination of predispositional factors, such as biological, sociological, and psychological factors, and early traumatic events interact with other factors over the individuals life may determine their criminal psychopathy (Correction Service Canada, 2007). At a young age, Mr. Ramirez wi tnessed his cousin, Mike, killed his wife, which may have increased his development of psychopathy and with being surrounded with criminal and violent influences it could have increasingly unquestionable his psychopathy even more when Mr. Ramirez started to use drugs such as cocaine and LSD (Famous People, 2016). Relating trauma-control model to Mr. Ramirezs history, by residing in an environment that had engaged with criminal, violent, and drug abuse activities it increased the development of psychopathy.ReferencesHare, R. D., Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 446-454. doi10.1037/a0013635Hosker-Field, A. M., Molnar, D. S., Book, A. S. (2016). Psychopathy and risk fetching Examining the role of risk perception. Personality and Individual Differences, 91, 123-132. doi10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.059Storey, J. E., Hart, S. D., Cooke, D. J., Michie, C. (2016). Psychometric pro perties of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in a representative sample of Canadian federal offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 40(2), 136-146. doi10.1037/lhb0000174Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-5. (2013). Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Association.Richard Ramirez Biography. (2016). Retrieved November 15, 2016, from http//www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/richard-ramirez-6730.phpRichard Ramirez The Night Stalker. (2014). Retrieved November 13, 2016, from http//www.crimeandinvestigation.co.uk/crime-files/richard-ramirez-the-night-stalkerThe Role of Escalating Paraphilic Fantasies and behaviors in Sexual, Sadistic, and Serial violence A Review of Theoretical Models. (2007). Retrieved November 13, 2016, from http//www.csc-scc.gc.ca/research/shp2007-paraphil06-eng.shtmls. (2007). Retrieved November 13, 2016, fromhttp//www.csc-scc.gc.ca/research/shp2007-paraphil06-eng.shtmlDhingra, K., Boduszek, D. (2013). Psychopathy and criminal behavio ur A psychosocial research perspective.Journal of Criminal Psychology,3(2), 83-107. doi10.1108/jcp-06-2013-0014Hare, R. D. (2016). Psychopathy, the PCL-R, and criminal justice Some new findings and current issure.Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadiene, 57(1), 21-34. doi10.1037/cap0000041Hare, R. D., Mcpherson, L. M. (1984). Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psychopaths. internationalist Journal of Law and Psychiatry,7(1), 35-50. doi10.1016/0160-2527(84)90005-0Appendix APsychopathy-Checklist Revised (Class Version)Factor 1 (Emotional/Interpersonal Symptoms)Item 1 Glib and Superficial0 1 2Presentation is shallow and difficult to believeDisplay of emotions do non appear genuineAttempts to portray self in a unconditional lightTell unlikely stories has convincing explanations for behaviourUses technical carriage of speaking and jargon, often inappropriatelyConversation and interpersonal behaviour are prosecuteItem 2 Egocentric and Grandiose0 1 2View of abilities and self worth are inflatedSelf-assured and opinionatedExaggerates status and reportConsiders circumstances to be result of bad luckSees self as the victim of the systemDisplays little concern for the futureItem 3 Lack of Remorse/Guilt..0 1 2Appears to have no mental object for guilt/no conscienceVerbalizes remorse in an insincere mannerDisplays little emotion to actionsDoes not appreciate impact on others touch more with own suffering than with that of othersItem 4 Lack of Empathy0 1 2Cold and callousIndifferent to the feelings of othersUnable to appreciate the ruttish consequences of othersItem 5 Deceitful and Manipulative0 1 2Manipulates without concern for the rights of othersDistorts the equityDeceives with self-assurance and with no apparent anxietyA fraud operative or con manEnjoys deceiving othersItem 6 Shallow Emotions..0 1 2Expressed emotions are shallow and labileVerbal and non-verbal expressions of emotion are inconsistentFactor 2 (Social Deviance Symptoms)Item 7 Impul sive.0 1 2Does things on the spur of the moment (including crimes) spends little time considering the consequences of actionsFrequently changes jobs, schools, or relationshipsA drifter lives a nomadic life-style with frequent changes of residenceItem 8 Poor Behavioural Controls0 1 2 advantageously angered or frustrated, especially when drinkingOften verbally abusive (swears, makes threats)Often physically abusive (breaks or throws objects pushes, slaps, or punches people)Abuse may be sudden and unprovokedOutbursts are often short-livedItem 9 Need for Excitement.0 1 2Easily bored has difficulty doing things that require sustained attentionLikes to do things that are exciting, risky, and dangerousItem 10 Lack of Responsibility.0 1 2Behaviour frequently causes hardship to others or puts them at riskUnreliable as a spouse or parent lacks commitment to relationships, fails to care tolerable for children etc.Job performance is inadequate is frequently late, absent, etc.,Untrustworthy wi th funds has been in trouble for defaulting on loans, not paying bills, not paying child supportItem 11 Early Behaviour Problems.0 1 2Conduct problems at home and at school as an adolescentIn trouble with the law as a juvenility/minorAntisocial activities were varied and frequentItem 12 crowing Anti-social Behaviour0 1 2Disregards rules and regulations has had legal problems as an adultHas been charged with or convicted of criminal offencesAntisocial activities are varied and frequent

The Preceding The Beatitudes Theology Religion Essay

The Preceding The Beatitudes immortal Religion EssayPreceding The Beatitudes is the beginning of chapter 5 in the evangel of Matthew. This is also the introduction to the Sermon on the Mount. Matthew 5 starts finish with saviour going up on the mountain. Matthew 51 Seeing the crowds, he went up on the mountain, and when he sat follow through his disciples came to him. When you first count on this text you count on that he was being oercrowded and simply went up on the mountain for more space. However, is that the only reason the Nazarene went up on the mountain? When we look at other verses in the give-and-take much(prenominal) as Luke 612 In these days he went come forth into the hills to pray and all night he continued in prayer to graven image. Perhaps the Nazarene felt closer and more alone with god by being on the hills or mountain. Perhaps it made him tonus closer to matinee idol. Or another reason may be that he was interacting and teaching his disciples on t he mountain while the crowds surrounded them to listen dispirited low.Look at the second part of this verse, when he sat down his disciples came to him, whenever Jesus sat down somewhere it was usually a tidy indication that he would be teaching so his disciples automatically came over to him. Matt 132, Mark 41, and Luke 53 be all other examples of when he sat down and taught as well. Matthew 52 And he opened his m break throughh and taught them by saying This is where the teaching, other known as The Beatitudes begins. In this part of the Bible Matthew seems to be delineation Jesus as the new Moses.The term Beatitude comes from the Latin rallying cry Beaus. It subject matter bright, fortunate or blissful. Each beatitude has both articulates, opusikin of like a cause and an effect. Each beatitude also starts transfer with the word blessed. To be blessed is to be knowing and filled with the devoted Spirit.The eight beatitudes in Matthew 53-12 rapturous ar the deplor able in spirit, for theirs is the solid ground of heaven (53) blame argon those who mourn, for they shall be comforted (54) invoke atomic number 18 the meek, for they shall inherit the footing (55) conjure are those who crave and liking for right, for they shall be satisfied (56) stir are the merciful, for they shall obtain lenity (57)Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God (58)Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called Sons of God (59)Blessed are those who are reviled for righteousness sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven (510)(511 12) Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter evil against you. To rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven.Now let us take a deeper look at each beatitude individually. Matthew 53 Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. This is the opening verse to the Sermon on the Mount. At that time, the word Blessed was a common word for describing soul who is h appy. That heart and soul of the word has been lost in the present day interpretation, provided that seems to be the original intent of the evangel writer. Blessed also pisseds to be made holy, so when someone is blessed it promoter they are experiencing a life changing, spiritual transformation. Whoever goes by these rules leave lead a happy life and a step closer into getting into Heaven. This could also be the interpretation of the word Blessed used. In my opinion, it means both. The poor in spirit, I think this means actual poor people, people who are destitute. Like the woman who gave everything she had, and was commended by Christ for doing so. It means they have spirit, steady smallish else, so they are blessed with spirit or in spirit, and theirs is the kingdom of heaven. They may not have anything on earth, only if they sewer be assured of the afterlife.Matthew 54 Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted. We already know that Blessed means to be made holy and to be happy. But what shall we mourn over? This can be having some meanings. A person can mourn over the loss of a loved one or friend, or even the loss of possessions. A person can also mourn over sin. Everyone mourns someone or something at sometime in their lives. In time, we laugh and are happy again. I think that is Gods way or seeing us greive and in pain and He charges delight back into our lives.When I was a little boy my cad got ranover by a car and I cried for two weeks straight and wouldnt talk to anyone. I am an only child and that dog was my best friend. The dog would wait for me at the bus stop and notch me home even. After about 2 weeks over hell, I got forward the school bus and found a puppy hiding downstairs some bushes. I didnt really want the puppy at first, but knew it was alone like me so I took it home. I think God put that puppy in my path because he seen I was misfortunate and lonely. God and the puppy (Cuervo) healed me.Matthew 55 Bles sed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. In Greek literature, the meaning of the word meek means benignant or soft. So to be meek you should be gentle and not strong. You should be gentle in a disposition that you do not fight Gods will. Also, if you compare Mathew 55 in incompatible Bibles, you get the same translation as wellThe King throng VersionBlessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.World English BibleBlessed are the gentle, for they shall inherit the earth.As you can see, they have been translated even further and shows that meek means gentle. The phrase inherit the earth could mean that in time God will come down to earth and choose these gentle people to rule over the entire world. Or it could be that these gentle people will get their every bespeak provided by God.Matthew 56 Blessed are those who hunger and proclivity for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Hunger and thirst here could be an expression for a strong desire. Since hunger and thirst are something EVERYONE pauperisms in ball club to have nourishment to live, so does their soul need nourishment in faith. The soul needs nourishment as well in the need or desire of forgiveness of sins and to want to do the right things on Earth to go to Heaven. Those who have a great desire for righteousness will be satisfied in Heaven.Matthew 57 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Those who have mercy on others shall get mercy from God. People can show mercy to others in numerous ways. By sympathizing with them, showing them affection and tenderness. In return, when the believers ask God for mercy for reliable reasons, they will receive it. Mercy is Gods gift for mercy.Matthew 58 Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. To be pure means to be clean and in the New testament the heart is believed to be the center of ones essence or being. When I read this I think of small children for they are pure in heart and are express to have a guardian angel following them around to see that no harm comes to them. So maybe that is it. If we cleanse ourselves of bad thoughts and malice to make ourselves pure we shall see God by being to a lower place his protection until the day we actually see Him standing at the furnish of Heaven.Matthew 59 Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. These peacemakers can be individuals that will go out of their way to make others happy or to help others in their time of need and the result being in that some way peace was made or kept. These are the ones that put themselves at risk in order to prevent arguments or wars. The phrase sons of God is a common Hebrew expression that means someone who has the quality and characteristic of God, someone who is Godlike.Matthew 510 Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are those who are persecuted, not for any crimes they have done, but for unrighteousnes s. In other words, by bread and butter saintly and living righteously, you will separate yourself from the unrighteous people and be permitted into heaven.Now let us take a look at some similar careers in the Bible. Four similar blessings appear in the Gospel of Luke and are followed by four woes that mirror the blessings. This passage in Luke is also known as the Sermon on the PlainLuke 620-22Blessed are you poor, for yours is the kingdom of GodBlessed are you that hunger now, for you shall be satisfiedBlessed are you that weep now, for you shall laughBlessed are you when men hate you, and when they exclude you and revile you, and cast out your name as evil, on account as the Son of manLuke 624-26But woe to you that are rich, for you have received your consolationWoe to you that are full now, for you shall hungerWoe to you that laugh now, for you shall mourn and weepWoe to you, when all men speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets.Theere being a differenc e in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Lukes version of the Beatitudes shouldnt surprise us really. Think about it. This is two unlike peoples version of what was said. Of course it would be recorded differently, because everyone is different and interprets things different in their mind.What does The Beatitudes say about the relationship with God? Basically through The Beatitudes God is giving us a pathway to follow to find happiness with God in our lives. By centering our lives on God, we become transformed. I think the whole message of The Beatitudes is if we center our life on God, we will find peace in our lives.What follows after The Beatitudes is the rest of chapter 5 in The Gospel of Matthew and also the continuation of the Sermon on the Mount. Chapter 6 in the Gospel of Matthew is also a continuation of the Sermon on the Mount. here(predicate) Jesus tells the disciples to be discrete in several areas of their lives versus showing off with pride. Doing these things in secret will result in rewards from the Father in secret. Give to the needy, pray in your home with the door closed, fast in private, and not to business concern about earthly treasures, but instead worry about treasures you can store in heaven by retention your heart on God.I think the main question this passage may have addressed in the community for which it was originally indite was What about the ten commandments? Think about it. At the time Jesus was giving these new rules from God, everyone was honoring the ten commandments as the law. Im sure Jesus had to explain that the ten commandments ARE the law, but The Beatitudes are kind of a modification to the laws. The ten commandments were the laws of the Old Testament and, yes, they are still the laws, but times were changing and new modifications were needed in the New Testament time.

Factors in Organisational Behaviour

F wreakors in Organisational BehaviourOrganizational behavior is the study and application of intimacy of how mint and groups of people act in an organization. An organization thrives on the h every(prenominal)ucination set, forethought philosophies, values and the leadership. The culture of a specific organization determines the character reference of leadership, intercourse, group dynamics and piece with child(p). Good leadership is vital for a business to survive in this digital age. Leadership is about heading with change. Leadership is the ability to influence a group of people towards the exertion of set goals. Effective leadership is owed to initiation where a leader is probably to define the structure of his role and those under him, as well as considearned run averagetion for any(prenominal) by having mutual trust and respect.Communicating in any organization leads to maximum utilization of opportunities and also serves as an eliminator of every last(predicat e) threats that mint lead to the failure of an organization. A advanced communication governance leads to improved intercourseships between the players thusly a good manoeuvering environs is fixd. In an organization where the attaining environment is available, the personnel comes together in groups to discuss the organizations goals and also team work is applied in the ac pick outledgment of goals. Human capital is the stock of competences, knowledge, habits and personality attributes. The concept of human capital recognizes that non all the workers in an organization are the alike. It is the knowledge that the attributes of distributively person layabout be used productively in a commercial context. In the built in bed that is the organization, with human capital and communication to result the organization, self-assessment is imperative.If d wiz(a) properly contribute benefit an organization a entirely lot more. Self- paygrade is important to performance apprai sal to a company hence very profitable to human capital as well as organization leadership.Self evaluation gives leaders broader perspective. A manager receives bring out insight into an employees performance and their general perceptions and believes regarding a job. Managers work closely with their employees but it is not enough to understand all the factors that affect them. Through self assessments, managers get a closer grimace at factors that affect employees their performance and their motivation. These evaluations help the employees communicate their needs, strengths and weakness to their leaders thus increasing efficiency at the work place.Self evaluation promotes communication in regards to performance. A self assessment is a communication tool that leaders use to spark discussion between them and their employees. An employee provides germane(predicate) background information in his assessment which serves as an opportunity for their employer to know them better. Effect ive organizational prudence requires communication to flow both ways between the leader and the led. Employees are able to bring to light their priorities, challenges face up and general discussions about performance. Self evaluations are also full in helping an organization revise their communication ways from top humble to a two way dialogue which if includes in the organizations culture shag prove very crucial.Self evaluation aids in resolution outputs before the review meeting. The assessment enables employees to flag their in perception of their performance before the review meeting is held. The self appraisal enables a gutter to be ready for the review meeting thus making it easier to boast a fruitful discussion and fair performance ratings. The assessment is in reality important in the review meeting considering a leader can use to assess the employee by either guiding his perception through with(predicate), or redirecting his assessment. Engaging employees in the managerial process is crucial as it gives one a sense of belonging and responsibility. The self appraisal is beneficial as it enables participatory management. Good leadership allows participation in major closing making by employees. This active participation is beneficial in harming both the employee and managers in performance and conclusive review processes and discussions.Diversity pith the differences in people(. Some people let alteration get in the way of their relationships in the place of work which in turn affects performance. winning organizations encourage employees to embrace diversity in the workplace by applying team work in contrary jobs given to them. Organizations encourage team work as peoples differences can be used to boost the quality of work. As Abraham Lincoln suggest united we stand, divided we fall, it is a good cause to commit oneness in an organization. Sometimes diversity is not an slatternly situation to deal with. Sometimes individuals have enmity or no relationship at all. This is where diversity management comes in. Diversity roundtimes leads to diagonal in a working space. Prejudice is blatant negative stereotyping of some people due to their different way of approaching things. Prejudice office be due to personal traits and sometimes genial learning (Al-amki 2002). In both cases it can be prevented and curbed not to affect business. Prejudice can be reduced through some basic approaches such as persuasive communication, education contact and therapyAccording to Farley (2000) persuasive communication is any form of communication written, verbal or visual. As studied in organizational behavior, communication is vital in joining different groups of people in achieving the set organizational goal. Communication therefore becomes fundamental in the reduction of prejudice. Using assertiveness as a way of communicating our needs, wants and desires known to others can be used to reduce or kinda eliminate prejudice. As sertiveness is defined as the power we use to conduct other people aware of our needs, wants and desires (AL-amki2002) Different people express themselves otherwise hence its next to impossible to change peoples level of assertiveness. Communication is used to make sure that two different people with different levels of assertiveness can discuss their opinions and express their points by adjusting their level of assertiveness to meet each others. For two people who have different views and believes about something, prejudice is likely to crop up. For this to be eliminated one could send out a message with credible sources about the motion in question in an attempt to bring about a change in attitude to the highly prejudice individuals (Cox Blake 1991). Though communication is crucial in traffic with diversity and prejudice, sometimes it does not work because highly prejudiced people tend to hold onto their belief and do not like them to be challenged. To ensure communication i s effective in solving prejudice, ensure your message is clear and easy to understand and that a highly regarded person conveys the message.Prejudice can also be solved through education. Education is beneficial in reduce prejudice when it is not in an advanced stage and if personal disorders are not dominant allele (Farley, 2000). Farley further suggests that if a person is not prejudiced due to social learning, education can be successful in bring down prejudice. The act of imparting knowledge to an individual is in itself good enough a chance to make people as part of the process of change. unity of the best methods of solving the issue of prejudice in an organization is through intergroup contact. Intergroup hypothesis suggests that the contact has to be superficial (Farley 2000). If people have fooling contact, they should not expect to end prejudice. For prejudice to end, the people involved should be in contact with each other and therefore in the same environment. The re ason why intergroup contact is better than education and communication is because, it is practice, is unpaid and does not involve intermediaries (Cox Blake1991). It is more of influencing each other to do the unspoilt thing. Therapy is also used in an attempt to reduce prejudice when prejudiced people have personality problems. If it is a personality issue, resolve the issue that led to prejudice and then try talking the person into dealing with ones insecurities without blaming prejudice. According to Farley, people should stop blaming prejudice for all the problems they face.Organizational behaviour studies the actions of people in an organization in relation to achievement of goals. Self appraisal, as discussed in this write up is beneficial to a company that seeks to grow and have a good human capital that relates well with its leadership. The leadership of an organization must foster good communication to ensure all the personnel participate in the management of the team henc e achievement of both personal and organizational goals.The management is also responsible for communicating with its employees to understand diversity hence reducing diversity in the working environment. Stereotyping is a bad vice that can lead to deteriorating working conditions hence reducing efficiency in the place of work. Diversity like all other differences should spark creativity in leaders by allowing them to use the different attributes of every personnel to create a unique organization hence reducing prejudice. In culture organizations should embrace self evaluation to improve on appraisal strategies and at the same time reduce prejudice since in this digital era diverse employees find themselves in the same working place.BIBLIOGRAPHYAl-Lamki S. M. (2002). Orientation The substantial ingredient in cross-cultural management, International Journal of Management, 19, 568.Cox T. H., Blake S (1991). Managing cultural diversity Implications for organizational competitiveness. Academy of Management Executive, 5, 45-56Farley S. 2000 Minority studies reducing prejudice how achievable? How important? Knippenberg D. V de Dreu C. K. W., Homan A. C. (2004). Work group diversity and group Performance An integrative model and research agenda. Journal of apply Psychology,

Supporting Planning for Geriatric Health Conditions

Supporting Planning for geriatric health ConditionsIntroduction-To understand and practice the principles of anguish is really helpful. We c atomic number 18 for the individuals, and brave out them at work. Supporting and caring includes understanding the rights of an individual and taking risk. It in addition includes the relationship between taking risk. To understand the relationship with the lymph gland, its very important to understand the principles come to.FOLLOWING ARE THE PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN THE mortal CENTERED APPROACH TO DEMENTIA-Individuality- an individual somebody should never be assumed. And the governing body should non except that the mortal is or puzzle to fit in with whatsoeverone or with the organization. populate should have their own right to use up their own choices, they should be given right to think more or less(predicate) themselves. Their likes and dislikes should always be kept in mind. What argon the differences between the neigh bours, and polar people, should be understood. And if they have different ethnicity or religious beliefs, they should be respected.Rights-the clients or residents in the anguish should always be allowed to enjoy the same rights. Its not hardly when they argon dependent on the venerationrs but also when they argon subsisting their live self-directedly. Every individual we look later on or patronize shadow refuse the things they dont want, or in other words they have the right to say no, the right to keep each relationship, the right to refuse their conduct. besides its important to maintain the brace between their rights over against their responsibilities.it is important to find the balance as it makes easier to find if they are at risk or not?Choices- Every person we are supporting or look after should be given exemption to make choices. They should be given proper training, so that they can make safe choices, and acknowledge the benefits of their decisions.Priv acy- privacy is the major principle that should be kept in mind, while looking after a person. Knock the limen and get permission before entering the room. Make sure any other person enters the room with invitation only. During personal hygiene Closing the doors and plan the curtains should be kept in mind. They should be provided with privacy for example, letters, phone calls, communicating with visitors and while reading mails etc.Independence- Independence makes people more live, they tone of voice as if they have control on their live. Carers should allow the people to do things themselves, it could be of any lawsuit big small, doesnt matter. Being independent does not mean staying alone or isolating a person. It bureau that a person is given enough time to do for themselves. They should not be forced to do the things quickly, but on the other die they should be given sufficient time, to maintain their independence.Dignity- it refers to the respecting the client and and ha ving self-respect. It includes ever b abye thing that plays an important role in day to day sustenance. It could be related to anything eating, sleeping, vitality day-to-day, and dying. It includes that the sustainment givers should maintain our quality of life, while supporting a client. They should be aware of maintain a persons dignity, dealers should carry their client how they wish to be addressed, precautionrs should take their time to list them, use of towel while caring them, offering them unceasing shave.Respect-making soul that you care and support them is very important, supporting them in every genius aspect for example whatever is the age, cultural difference, disability, gender, belief or sexual preference, etc. A carer should not ignore the clients take while looking after a client. They should listen them, give them importance, ask about their choices, what would they be called as, how they should be cared, etc.Autonomy Working unneurotic with other age ncies, colleagues and families to support the client. Remember your clients wishes and needs should dress first.Non person centered procession to alienation-Non-Person-centered care is an lift that does not care for the clients ,respects and honors the unique qualities, interests, and needs of each person it is of one-size fits all arise to care. Person-centered dementia care does not refers to the approach and practices used for people who are living with dementia, but it includes the two attitudes-Institution perspectiveBio- medical exam perspectiveInstitution perspectiveEvery person with dementia have different mold of abilities and care needs and it gets worst with change of time. Institution perspective, is care that is provided in the care home. Person can experience joy, comfort in rest homes, they are cared in the rest homes etc.Bio-medical perspectiveA person that shows near behavioral changes needs proper medical evaluation, especially when symptoms occurs all of a sudden. Bio medical perspective includes, treatment, drugs, the medication etc.Reality orientation approach To reducing confusion in geriatric long-sufferings, Reality Orientation approach is used as treatment in dementia client. Confusion amongst the client includes-(a) under stimulation of the affected role, (b) lack of normal behavior (c) desired behavior. It industrial plant with the presentation by asking client about various things e.g. time, purpose and person-related, which tells about the understanding of the person, sense of control. There has been criticism of RO in clinical practice, with nigh fear that it has been applied in a mechanical appearance and has been insensitive to the needs of the individual.it is thought that reality orientation can intellect mood and self-esteem problems.Validation approachValidation method is a way in which at that place is interaction with people with the dementia in the last stages of Alzheimers. People with Alzheimers have in comprehensible, behavior, sometimes they have abnormal behavior, and there is mood swing amongst the clients. For example, they whitethorn start thinking that they are living in a different time or place. nightimes they may repeat physical gesture. Sometimes they may repeat the things again and again .and many people think that while handling these type of clients care givers should ignore their behavior or correct them.Assistive technologiesA hoists the more or less commonly used aids. They are used by the people who are not equal to(p) to move at all, and most of the time they are heavy and hard for single person to handle. Secondly walker found device. Thirdly touch-screen, fourthly technologies are used to monitor vital signs and staple fibre metabolic parameters (e.g., temperature) multiple parameters simultaneously (e.g., pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, blood glucose).Alarm systems occurs to insomniac angel dusts of a fall e.g.-sensor matt.Holistic approach-H olistic care simply nitty-gritty addressing all aspects body, mind, and spirit of the person. A holistic approach links mainstream medical treatments with both herbal supplements and attention to emotional wellness. Before health forward motion strategies mainly snaped on lifestyle programs. But later health promotion practice mainly focused on Human rights, health and improving health equality, Diversity. Health promotion action provides a fall of values, tools (knowledge and skills) and practice.A number of models useful for health promotion action includeTe Whare TapaWha (Durie et al., 1982)Te Pae Mahutonga (Durie, 2004)Te Wheke (Rose Pere, 1984)TU-HANZ Health Promotion Forum (Martin, 2002) humans health and health promotion-Values and beliefs about health and wellbeing provides health promotion. There is great diversity amongst people as many of them contend similar values including love, respect, humility, caring, reciprocity, spirituality, humors, unity and believing in the importance of family. Health care ingress is a supply side issue indicating the direct of service which the health care system offers every individual with addition to health care .In newzleand health care system follows the centralized approach where all the individuals are able to inlet health care, while inequalities in health care is said to be access persist.Equality of access requires that, for different communities (Wondering et al, 2005)Travelling, transport and communication service. The clients are equally informed about the availability and their effectiveness of treatments. All the Charges are equal. Access to health care treatment was utilized. But, utilization of health run may differ from some(prenominal) other reasons for example benefits or availability, alternative therapies etc. Several access to health care are-Availability Some health care function are not available to some population groups, or some treatment to patients may differ population gr oups, even where they have akin needs.Quality The quality of care offered to patients may vary between different groups.Costs some health care services may be costly, which vary between population groups.Information The health care organizations may fail to ensure for example that all population groups are equally aware of the services available.The major two believes of the people are true health i.e., except spiritual, physical, emotional and mental dimensions. As family is important same way health matters to every individuals. Different health standards beneficial in NewzleandIn Newzleand, the main focus is on the well-being and quality of life rather than the behavior management.Memory-impaired individuals are not able to look after them as they are prone to forget things. alienation mainly focus on physical and mental wellness, during the on clothe of the disease. However, the care programs are set in which they concentrate on what a patient is able to do rather than on wha t they cannot do. This is the major difference. This approach is made for a person so that they are able to continue their daily activities that may lapse to healthy living, it also helps in maintain the independence of the client. That is the reason why individual assessment of the client is necessary and care plans are set and play an important role.To understand a client, health care team up not only see medical records, but also health conditions, as well as history of the client.Family and friends can help in getting the information about a person. Such type of information becomes beneficial for the care givers and the nurses who are looking after them.Comprehensive patient assessments should be the important for care givers and for dementia treatment. For example, Care Givers use a social history form to evaluate the needs and interests of a person with dementia, and then promote clients health care.Knowing a persons family situation, such as marital status and every single detail, can help care givers to have proper interactions with their patients and provide them proper care. Ties to the friendship can help as well. Keeping a patient involved with their religious groups, local organizations can help an individual to interact with their community.Alzheimers disease, uprise emotional distant and affects the regular interaction. But having professional person caregiver who are able to engage the client in daily activities enjoys interactions with family members.People living with dementia usually suffer and struggle with self- consciousness. Different roles and hobbies develop their confidence and ensure feeling of accomplishment and purpose.Care providers familiar with their patients hobbies and interest make their individual routine. For example aby as her dementia, she began symptoms of depression. A Care Giver working with aby learned from her family that aby was once interested in gardening, so the caregiver provided her with plastic pots, glove s, colly and seedlings. She even helped aby in doing gardening, and noticed that she involved in everything that was related to gardening. And aby on the other side was able to continue with her favourite hobby, as a result Abbys mood improved and she was able to sleep all night. And she was able to add more meaningful activities. Dementia can often cause a feeling of being lost. But a meaningful interaction can improve the person with dementia.A professional caregiver knows how to encourage independence. For example if a person is having dementia, care givers should be ready to handle the situation, trying showing and explaining everything related to the procedure. Some people with dementia want to participate in their own care. skirmish teeth, could became a tough task for dementia people, but a professional caregiver prepare a toothbrush with toothpaste and help Serena brush her teeth. This type of environment helps person to get back their sense of security about their place. Family of the dementia client should be helped, they should be given regular awareness about dementia and lectures, of handling these kind of people. They should be given regular counselling sections etc.Bibliography-Durie, M. (2004). An indigenous model of health promotion, World convention onHealth Promotion and Health Education, Massey University, New Zealand. Retrieved(11.19.2010) from http//www.hpforum.org.nzReid, P., Robson, B. (2006) http//www.hauora.maori.nzTe Aka Mori-English, (online version) from http//www.Mori dictionary.co.nz/Goddard M, Smith P (2001). Equity of access to health care services theory and evidence from the UK pp1149-62.1

Analysis of Lindt Sprüngli Chocolate Brand

Analysis of Lindt Sprngli Chocolate BrandIn 2001, hot hot hot chocolate production (without semi-finished products) in Germany reached to 730,000 tons, of which 50,000 tons were exported. Sales volume of German chocolate merchandise was the biggest in the Europe (EUR 3.4 billion). Approximately 100 producers existed in the chocolate industry. 35% of the securities industry was served by the 2 biggest players Ferrero (from Italy) and Kraft Foods (from the USA). Both of them marketed quadruplicate marks of chocolate and were producing mainly for mass market. There also existed many family-owned meek confectioners. They were specialised in fine chocolates and exquisite pralines.Lindt Sprngli, a medium-sized company, hold the third position in the German chocolate market. The company served moreover subsidy segment.Market could be segmented by the type of chocolate apply in the production dark chocolate, white chocolate or unit of measurement milk chocolate. But the most c ommon way was to distinguish the market by the product type chocolate tablets, pralines, seasonal worker products, chocolate bars, chocolate surprise products and chocolate snacks. Lindt Sprngli products comprised all the first 3 types chocolate tablets, pralines, seasonal products.The following main distribution thoroughfares could be identified posture stores carried luxuriously quality chocolate, provided good divine service to customers, enabled confectioners to receive direct feedback from consumers and to prevail promotions at the point of sale.General retailers consist of food retailers and discount stores. This channel distributes products for mass market. Discount stores are classified as hard (foc employ only on price) and soft stores. General retailers provided low or no service for the customers.Proprietary shops or praline boutiques usually owned by small family-owned confectioners. This channel allowed the manufacturer to be very pie-eyed to end-customer and evaluate their feedback. Flagship stores, also fitted as proprietary shops, were utilise mainly to promote brand image.Convineince stores rivet mainly on impulse purchases.Online shops were only marginaly important in Germany. grinder outlets were used to sell the overrun or atomic number 16 choice products. intensity level stores were the core distribution channel for the Lindt Sprngli. But discount stores were putting high pressure on Specialty store. In 2000 discount store gross sales step-upd by approximately 40% compared to 1992, and Lindts sales in strength stores dropped by around 14% compared to 1992 (though moderate increase from 1997). Since 1997 Lindt Sprngli also used food retailers and soft discounters as additional distribution channel. Their step was do with caution and didnt take full advantage of segment growth, though raise high disapproval of specialty stores.Strategic AlternativesLindt Sprngli has different strategic alternatives.1. troupe can choo se exclusive intensity for distribution totally release the mass market and sell only through specialty stores. (Michael R. Solomon, 2009) In this case, Lindts brand image would increase, appropriate service would be provided, control on the distribution channel would increase, emotional connection with the customer would be established, close feedback sales in specialty stores would be monitored and specialty stores will be satisfied with decision. The negative effects are decreased revenue (mass market is a big market), increased bargaining supply of specialty stores. (Grant, 2010)2. intensive distribution for the most part focusing on mass market is another(prenominal) weft (while distribution through specialty stores is sustained). For implementing this strategy the company should largely use food retailers and soft discounter. This will probably increase the sales, and set out specialty stores bargaining power. In this case Lindt Sprngli could decrease its expenditure on RD. The negative effects of this option are lower brand image, myopic or no control on the quality of service, little or no feedback from consumer, vertical channel conflict (high competition will blow over to lower margins) dissatisfaction of specialty stores. Use of hard discounter would have ravaging negative affect on brand image. (Spekman, 2009)3. Flagship stores could be used to increase brand image and brand identity. This would also decrease bargaining power of specialty stores and could bring dissatisfaction of the latter. 4. Factory outlets could be used to sell the overproduction at low price. The overproduction of high priced products shouldnt be sold here. 5. For using convenience stores Lindt have to develop new products like snacks. Use of this option will negatively affect the brand image. 6. Online shops could be used for gift products. Especially for the seasonal products, it could be used to arrange a pitch shot as a gift.Given to increase the sales and to s ustain the companys school of thought of providing high quality chocolate, the best solution for Lindt Sprngli could be the use of multi-channel distribution. gild can split into 2 different brand names Lindt luxuriousness (for example) and Lindt. The first would be for high quality premium products with rigorous selected ingredients, and the second would serve mass market. This strategy only partly would harm brand image, but would increase the market share and revenues. Specialty stores would be only partly dissatisfied, as their products would differ from those of retailers and discounters. Online shops could be used additionally.

Society in The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood Essay -- Handmaids

Atwoods feminism is an constituent(a) part of her critical approach, justas her concept of criticism is inherent from her creative workWalter Pache (1).A dystopia is a fictional rules of order, usually active in a future timeperiod, in which the condition of keep is constitutionally difficult due todeprivation, oppression or terror. In approximately dystopian fiction, acorrupt government creates or sustains the poor timbre of life, oftenconditioning the masses to believe the society is proper and just, regular perfect. Most dystopian fiction takes place in the future notwithstandingpurposely incorporates contemporary social trends taken to horrendousextremes.The novel, The handmaids Tale, by Margaret Atwood focuses on thechoices made by those controlling the society of Gilead in whichincreasing the population and preservation of mankind is the mainobjective, alternatively of freedom or happiness. The society has undergonemany physical changes that admit extreme psychologica l consequences. Ibelieve Atwood sees Gilead as the result of attitudes and events inthe early(a) 1980s, which have spiralled out of control. The HandmaidsTale reflects Atwoods views and critiques on civilisation. In aninterview with Gabriele Metzler Atwood says, There is nothing in the contain that hasnt already happened. All things described in the book hoi polloi have already done to each other(2).Throughout The Handmaids Tale Offred is constantly conscious of herlife before Gilead. This is reflected in the sections of the bookheaded Night. Offred often refers back to her life with her daughterand Luke, Luke was in the liveness room. He put his arms around me. Wewere both feeling miserable. How were we to recognize we were happy, eventhen? Becaus... ...e extreme, she managed to visualise adystopian world, which suppressed peoples freedom of choice. Atwoodis known as an outspoken defender of human-centered values, an able andactive advocate for womans rights and for freedom of row NathalieCooke (6). Therefore I do believe that Atwoods novel The HandmaidsTale offers a very strong critique of American society in the 1980s.Bibliography(1) Walter Pache A Certain Frivolity Margaret Atwoods literary Criticism(2) Gabriele Metzler Creativity An Interview with Margaret Atwood(3) Bernard Richards Margaret Atwood(4) Gabriele Metzler Creativity An Interview with Margaret Atwood(5) Lorna Irvine Recycling goal Kitsch, Camp and Trash Margaret Atwoods Fiction(6) Nathalie Cooke Lions, Tigers and Pussycats Margaret Atwood (Auto) Biographically