The informative speech. (Preparation Outline) Essay

The informative speech. (Preparation Outline) - Essay Example Have you ever know what are the psychological theories of aging process? II. I will inform you about the three major theories of aging process, their consequences on human mind. I have seen aged people around me with some problems. Some of them are expressive while some of them prefer to remain silent. III. I will inform you the different theories involved in aging process. There are biological as well as psychological theories. Basically I want to focus on the psychological theories of aging process. 2. Historically, the psychological study of human aging evolved in the twentieth century. Publications that mark this evolution are, for instance, Eisdorfer and Lawton (1973) and the first handbook on the psychology of aging edited by Birren and Schaie. 3.1. The Activity Theory: This theory is also known as implicit theory of aging or normal theory of aging. The theory was developed by Robert J. Havighurst in 1961. According to this theory, a successful aging takes place when older people remain active and maintain their social interactions. 3.2. Disangagement Theory: It is based on the observation in the USA study of Cumming and Henry (1979) According to this theory, â€Å"aging is an inevitable mutual withdrawal or disengagement, resulting in decreased interaction between aging person and others in the social systems he belongs to.† ii. Social activeness by encouraging them to stay in the company of same member group in our housing society such as senior citizens club. Taking proper and healthy diet and involve in some physical activities that will suit them. Aging is an inevitable process in everyones life. The information I provide you about aging will be useful to know scientifically and cognitively about aging process. I explain the major theories in which you can study human behaviour in aging period. Now be familiar with the aging

Journal Writing Essay Example for Free

Journal Writing Essay Week 1 – Reflective Journal This was my first day in class for the unit Co Ordinate the Work Environment. Amongst the class mates each one introduced the self to others, and Adrian as a teacher for the unit introduced himself to all of us. Today’s lecture was based on housekeeping and overview of unit outline. I learned about different ways to contribute and practise effective workplace practises. I also learned about different leadership styles. I felt good throughout the class as I was an active participant in all topics. I felt good about taking on the knowledge about learning and sustaining workplace ethics and self morale. I believe that this knowledge will help during my job times. Week 2 – Reflective Journal In today’s session I learned about developing and implementing work plans. The idea behind is to integrate into and build a healthy, trustworthy and reliable relationship with colleagues. I listened the whole session carefully, gave my opinion at right time and respected to the opinion shared by other students. I also learned about how at a workplace we can maximise the performance and outcomes and yes how can i forget the amazing organisational theories, boring but important. I took proper notes throughout the session and kept myself attentive till the end. Week 3 – Reflective journal In this week’s class I learned about implementing various strategies to ensure that the communication in a workplace is effective. I think the information was very necessary to develop my own level of understanding of initiating and sustaining a healthy communication amongst colleagues. I also learned about different ways of resolving the conflicts at the workplace if and when they arise. I personally would always be proactive about it however at any times if i do face any such conflicts then the knowledge that I received today will help a lot. Week 4 – Reflective Journal This week Adrian told us about workplace environment in regards of the resistance, different ways to deal with it and how we can bring a change in an organisation. I think this week’s session was very important from the academic perspective but also will help me in future in my carrier. I was active throughout the session. We also talked about the decision making process that takes place in everywhere and i felt good about that how important all this info was. Week 5 – Reflective Journal This week’s class was the interesting one because i learned about how important it is to always add on to our existing skills and knowledge by undertaking various training workshops related to same work. It was good to learn that taking such training lessons keeps us synchronised with the latest in the world and that these should not be neglected. Then we were also taught about different ways how we can monitor our own progress and appraisals. I felt this week’s session was very important and the knowledge delivered will help me in future. Week 6 – Reflective Journal This week was an important time in class as i had my first assignment for this unit due. The assignment was to make a report on the overview of any organisation related with the same sector. While making the assignment and reflecting on various areas of the organisation i realised that it included mostly a lot of things that we covered in class and i was glad because i already had them in my mind and my notes.

Philosophy: Bertrand Russell vs William James Essay -- essays research

Bertrand Russell discussed certain problems he found with philosophy. Russell was concerned about how much did we really know. There is the stuff we know with our mind when we have a particular idea, and stuff we know through actually experiencing it which would justify it. But how do we know if it is real, or even there, for that matter? Russell says, â€Å"For if we cannot be sure of the independent existence of object, we cannot be sure of the independent existence of other people’s bodies, and therefore still less of other peoples minds, since we have no grounds for believing in their minds except such as are derived from observing their bodies† (Russell, 47). How can Farmer Brown be sure that the dairyman just didn’t have an idea that the cow was there. Farmer Brown wants more than just an idea in order to feel safe that his prize cow is still there. Another problem Russell would have with the cow in the field is the nature of the matter. Russell says we have knowledge of truth and knowledge of things. Knowledge of truth is propositional knowledge or what we’re most certain in through direct experience. Russell says, â€Å"But we cannot hope to be acquainted directly with the quality in the physical objects which makes it blue or red. Science tells us this quality is a certain sort of wave motion, and this sounds familiar, because we think of wave motions in the space we see† (Russell, 52). What he is saying that the dairy man has had direct experience with the cow, he know... Philosophy: Bertrand Russell vs William James Essay -- essays research Bertrand Russell discussed certain problems he found with philosophy. Russell was concerned about how much did we really know. There is the stuff we know with our mind when we have a particular idea, and stuff we know through actually experiencing it which would justify it. But how do we know if it is real, or even there, for that matter? Russell says, â€Å"For if we cannot be sure of the independent existence of object, we cannot be sure of the independent existence of other people’s bodies, and therefore still less of other peoples minds, since we have no grounds for believing in their minds except such as are derived from observing their bodies† (Russell, 47). How can Farmer Brown be sure that the dairyman just didn’t have an idea that the cow was there. Farmer Brown wants more than just an idea in order to feel safe that his prize cow is still there. Another problem Russell would have with the cow in the field is the nature of the matter. Russell says we have knowledge of truth and knowledge of things. Knowledge of truth is propositional knowledge or what we’re most certain in through direct experience. Russell says, â€Å"But we cannot hope to be acquainted directly with the quality in the physical objects which makes it blue or red. Science tells us this quality is a certain sort of wave motion, and this sounds familiar, because we think of wave motions in the space we see† (Russell, 52). What he is saying that the dairy man has had direct experience with the cow, he know...

P.R FIELD

Remember proper referencing for anything taken from a source of any kind (book or Internet, CD, DVD, anything). Dazzle me with your knowledge. QUESTION 1 Read the short cases below, choose two of the three cases provided, then answer the questions that follow for each case. Ethics case study 1 â€Å"You've recently left a Job as an account supervisor at a public relations agency that specializes in social media and technology clients to go to work in the public relations division of a leading smart phone manufacturer.You learned of the career opportunity a few months after the agency you worked for had failed to win the smart phone company as a client. You were a member of the team that developed and pitched the business and happen to have the agency's entire presentation on a arsenal flash drive. Your new boss asks you to propose strategies and tactics to support the launch of a ground-breaking application. The fastest and easiest thing for you to do is to copy relevant portions of your previous employer's proposal, including key messages for targeted markets, and present It to your new boss.What do you do? † (Cited from APRS Ethics and Standards Case Study Series) Ethics case study 2 has asked you to write a speech for the Chairman of the Board that will be delivered at an International Air Transport Association gathering in Geneva, Switzerland. Your lenient hopes to use the speech as a springboard to open discussion about the subsidiaries many airlines receive from governments in the countries where these carriers are based. Your client's position is that this creates unfair competition and lowers the subsidized airlines' standards of service, safety and security.Your deadline is immediate and you have the worst writer's block you've ever had in your life. Through some random electronic searches, you find the perfect speech on Youth. It was delivered by a member of Panamas National Assembly who opposed the government's generous subsidiaries of the cou ntry's state-owned airline and was ousted with subtitles. You are ready to copy it and present it to your client because it is exactly what you have been directed to write. But you're uncomfortable because you know the speech will not be your own work.The deadline is immediate. What do you do? (Cited from APRS Ethics and Standards Case Study Series) Ethics case study 3 One of the biggest success stories in the technology sector has hired the large international public relations agency you work for to represent its interests in a fierce battle to retain market dominance. Your agency was hired because of its mistreated success in marketing communication and issues management for other technology companies. You were not involved in signing the business, but are excited to be on the account team.You learn that the issue is a larger, better established and even more successful technology company that is developing products to compete head-to-head with your new client. With your expertise in multiplication media, your task is to secure news reports and blobs about how poorly the competitor's products perform and the possible problems that they create because of incompatibility with the most common operating systems. The only basis o have to support allegations that the competitor's products don't work is a few negative online reviews and print media reports.

To Kill a Moking Bird, Compassion and Respect

English I Section 6 23 March 2012 Compassion and Respect Respect and compassion are what everyone needs to have in life to have a great relationship between others and so that life can be peaceful. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Scout learns about respect and compassion and how important they are to lead a good life. Through the characterization of Scout as a young girl who learns about the feeling of others, Lee demonstrates that people need to learn compassion and respect to understand the feelings of others.When Reverend Sykes tells Scout to stand up when her father passes, it illustrates the respect that the blacks have for Atticus. After Atticus loses the trial and leaves the courtroom all the blacks in the balcony stand, but Scout doesn’t. Reverend Sykes tells her, â€Å"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father’s passin† (211). Scout does not stand for her father because she does not understand what is happening. The blacks are standing to show their respects towards Atticus and how he tried so hard to win the trail.Even though Atticus lost the trial they still feel so grateful for how hard he tried to win the case and how he changed people’s minds. Scout learns respect for her father for how hard he tried to do the right thing. When Jem tells scout not to crush the roly-poly, it illustrates the compassion Jem has towards the roly-poly. Right before Scout was to crush the roly-poly Jem stopped her and told her to let it out on the back porch, but Scout questions Jem on why she should not kill it. Jem tells her â€Å"because they don’t bother you† (238). Scout does not understand why Jem does not want her to kill the bug because she is too young and ignorant.Jem tells her not to because he understands life and how its not bothering you and its just peaceful. Even though Scout still does not understand she still lets it out on the back porch. People need to learn compassion and respect to understand the meaning of others, like Scout and the roly-poly and Scout and the courtroom with Atticus. This theme is important because it shows that people in life need to learn compassion and respect to understand others in life, if people went around just doing what they wanted and not thinking about the people and things around them, then the world would be a totally different place.

Free Essays on Physhology

Psychology is the very important perspective for human nature. It is very much important for the individual environment. â€Å"Psychology is very much a product of the Western tradition. Whereas a new psychology of the year 2000 contains both the eastern as well as the Western tradition†(Frey,04/06). Psychologists call a person’s self concepts it includes what a person perceives from the person’s self-concept attitudes. It’s related to Psyche means the integrate part of human mind motion connected to those with bodily concepts. â€Å"It however reflects true relationship with the mind-body concept. ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION addresses those domains of social behavior in which cognition plays a major role, including the interface of cognition with overt behavior, affect, and motivation.†(Primis,119). Major perspectives in psychology at this point includes psychoanalysis, humanism and sociobiology. Now, what’s the concept of psychoanalysis is also a very important perspective. â€Å"As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior.†(Frey,04/06). â€Å"It is, in addition, a method for learning about the mind, and also a theory, a way of understanding the processes of normal everyday mental functioning and the stages of normal development from infancy to old age.†(psychology.com). â€Å"Furthermore, since psychoanalysis seeks to explain how the human mind works, it contributes insight into whatever the human mind produces.†(apa.org) Sigmund Freud was the first psychoanalyst.†Many of his insights into the human mind, which seemed so revolutionary at the turn of the century, are now widely accepted by most schools of psychological thought. Although others before and during his time had begun to recognize the role of unconscious mental activity, †Freud was the preeminent pioneer in understanding its importance. Although his i... Free Essays on Physhology Free Essays on Physhology Psychology is the very important perspective for human nature. It is very much important for the individual environment. â€Å"Psychology is very much a product of the Western tradition. Whereas a new psychology of the year 2000 contains both the eastern as well as the Western tradition†(Frey,04/06). Psychologists call a person’s self concepts it includes what a person perceives from the person’s self-concept attitudes. It’s related to Psyche means the integrate part of human mind motion connected to those with bodily concepts. â€Å"It however reflects true relationship with the mind-body concept. ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION addresses those domains of social behavior in which cognition plays a major role, including the interface of cognition with overt behavior, affect, and motivation.†(Primis,119). Major perspectives in psychology at this point includes psychoanalysis, humanism and sociobiology. Now, what’s the concept of psychoanalysis is also a very important perspective. â€Å"As a therapy, psychoanalysis is based on observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior.†(Frey,04/06). â€Å"It is, in addition, a method for learning about the mind, and also a theory, a way of understanding the processes of normal everyday mental functioning and the stages of normal development from infancy to old age.†(psychology.com). â€Å"Furthermore, since psychoanalysis seeks to explain how the human mind works, it contributes insight into whatever the human mind produces.†(apa.org) Sigmund Freud was the first psychoanalyst.†Many of his insights into the human mind, which seemed so revolutionary at the turn of the century, are now widely accepted by most schools of psychological thought. Although others before and during his time had begun to recognize the role of unconscious mental activity, †Freud was the preeminent pioneer in understanding its importance. Although his i...

Climate and Migration Essays (907 words) - Droughts In Africa

Climate and Migration Essays (907 words) - Droughts In Africa Global Issues Writing Assignment # 2 Climate and Migration Since the Neolithic Revolution, with he shift to food production, societies have become more sedentary, and have depended on natural resources in order to settle communities. For example, communities started to emerge along rivers, lakes, and oceanic costs so that water could be used for crop irrigation, and to get resources, such as fish and salt. Nevertheless, nature is unpredictable, and when there is a climate change, sedentary communities are significantly affected. In West Africa, droughts have displaced people, and caused out-migration, affecting communities in different ways. The Sahel region, in the South of the Sahar desert, and North of the tropical zone, along the equator, is one of the unstable regions in the world, regarding climate change. Geographically, the Sahel region is critically located. Too many factors play a major role in this region, causing degradation of the land. First, there are global scale factors such as the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (Hagos There are several issues linked to climate change in the Sahel region. According to Africa Renewal magazine, the Sahel region faces many issues, from fragile economy to irregular rainfalls. Due to its location, the region is very susceptible to water shortage, and land degradation, problems often linked to anthropogenic climate change. For instance, this region faced a severe droughts through the 1970s and 1980s what triggered a large decline of the economy (Hagos As shown in the U.N. case study, a young man, who used to live in the Lake Chad region, was significantly affected by drought, and he had to move from the region, and find a new place to live. This basically illustrates how droughts are a major issue for the Sahel region, and how they are closely related to population. Certainly, it is possible to solve the problem that the region is facing. However, the issues are as complicated in local scale as they are in global scale. According to the article Responding to Climate Change, from NASA, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, involves changing the human culture of consumption, by reducing the greenhouse emission. This is in a global scale, but also, this is probably the viable solution for Sahel region weather. In fact, Hagos and Cook reported in their study that the recovery observed in Sahel during the 1990s was due to the change in SST anomalies; A little variation in temperature of the two oceans was the cause of that recovery. This way, this study shows that human will continue to depend upon weather conditions, which decreases the chances of humans changing the current situation in the Sahel region. Nevertheless, the fact that a long-term solution depends mostly upon nature forces does not mean that there is nothing to do regarding the Sahel region. As the U.N. case study showed, the region is poor and it impacts the local capability to cope with environmental issues such as droughts. It is important to understand that the major issue is not that the region is dry, but how people deal with droughts. Thus, it is notable that the main problem is poverty in the region, what limits local people solutions. According to Africa Renewal Magazine, in 2013, the

How Dry Shampoo Works to Refresh Hair

How Dry Shampoo Works to Refresh Hair Dry shampoo cleans and refreshes your hair on days you cant use traditional shampoo and water (or choose not to). Heres a look at whether or not dry shampoo actually works and what it does. Key Takeaways: How Dry Shampoo Works Dry shampoo is a product that is applied to hair to reduce oiliness without the need for water.Most types of dry shampoo include a starch, usually from corn or rice, as a key ingredient. The starch absorbs oil and drops away from hair during brushing.Since some product inevitably remains in hair, a dry shampoo can cause hair to feel thicker.While dry shampoo helps improve the appearance of hair, some users dislike the texture it adds to hair.Dry shampoo is not a permanent substitute to washing hair with soap or shampoo. This is because dry shampoo does not remove shed skin cells or control bacteria. What Is Dry Shampoo? Dry shampoo is a powder or a fast-evaporating liquid that your spray or work into your hair that removes excess sebum and other oils and may freshen the scent of your hair. Commercial products contain much the same type of ingredients as homemade dry shampoo, although dry shampoo from a store is more likely to have a uniform texture than a product you make yourself. Both dry and spray-on dry shampoos work the same way. Why Use a Dry Shampoo? Aside from the obvious situation where water isnt available, you may wish to use a dry shampoo for any of the following reasons: Reduces stripping of color by traditional shampoosExtends the life of an expensive blow-outMakes hair easier to styleTakes less time than washing and drying hairMinimizes hair damage since natural protective oils arent strippedFreshens hair if youre coming from a smoky, sweaty, or otherwise smelly situation How Dry Shampoo Works Dry shampoo and wet-dry shampoo works by absorbing oil onto a substance that can be brushed or blown out of your hair. The two main types of dry shampoo are homemade and commercial. Oil-absorbing ingredients you can use to make homemade dry shampoo include corn starch, baby powder, rice starch, orris root, oatmeal, and clay. Feel free to add a couple of drops of lavender essential oil to one of the powders to add a fresh scent. If using baby powder, be sure to use a brand free of asbestos (a common contaminant). Clay, while excellent at controlling oil, may also be contaminated with metals or undesirable minerals (so dont just dig it up from your garden). Because brands dont exactly advertise impurities, its probably safer to stick with corn starch, rice starch, orris root, oatmeal, or some mixture of the these ingredients. Commercial brands typically contain some form of starch, fragrance, and a propellant to help apply product evenly over hair. Some products contain an anti-clumping agent to help disperse particles. A popular commercial spray-on dry shampoo contains isobutane, propane, denatured alcohol, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, butane, fragrance, isopropyl myristate, silica, and cyclopentasiloxane. Only hydrophobic soils, like natural oils and oil-based styling products, are absorbed by the dry shampoo. Dry shampoo will not remove actual dirt, skin flakes, and other chemicals that can make hair look and feel greasy, so most stylists recommend using dry shampoo between regular shampoos to reduce chemical damage to hair or for unexpected emergencies. Most people still need to use regular water-based shampoo to get fresh, clean hair. Dry Shampoo for Animals Dry shampoo isnt just for people! Dry shampoos may be used on furry pets. Commercial pet products are a bit different from ones intended for humans. They may contain conditioning agents, Melaleuca oil to repel fleas, or even pesticides. Pet products may be powder or foams. The shampoo must be worked into the animals coat and then wiped off. Dry shampoo should be used with caution on cats because they lick themselves and will ingest some product. Learn More If youre ready to give dry shampoo a try, make one of these easy homemade dry shampoo recipes. If youre not ready to take the plunge, but are concerned about ingredients in commercial products, make homemade shampoo and learn exactly how shampoo works.

Business Report_ Informative report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Report_ Informative report - Case Study Example For purposes of clarity, these have ultimately been broken down into 3 key areas: Cleanliness, Quality of Food, and Quality of Service. As such, the proceeding sections will target each of these areas and relate how the sampling of employees felt with relation to each one of these. A 90% response rate was achieved with over 500 employees originally sampled. As a means of understanding the core components of dissatisfaction, the study itself was of a somewhat limited scope as a means to seek to answer the most pressing issues that currently face the cafeteria and those within the firm that make use of its offerings. From this sampling the following key information has been determined with regards to the proceeding determinants that have been weighed: 98% of respondents indicated that the level of cleanliness within the cafeteria was unsatisfactory; key concerns centered around dirty floors, unsanitary condiment sections, and unclean floors and eating utensils. Additional concerns with relation to cleanliness consisted of concerns relating to the personal cleanliness of the food preparation process and the kitchen/cafeteria workers themselves. Similarly, fully 80% of employees felt that the quality of the food that the cafeteria offered was of a poor nature. Key concerns that were stated revolved around food being greasy, too salty, poorly cooked, improperly seasoned, tasting old, and/or being stale. Of the responses, it is interesting to note that none of these were concentric around the lack of choice or lack of diversity in the offerings that are made. Instead, they were almost wholly concerned with the level to which the food represents poor preparation, seasoning, or care. Finally, 76% of the employees sampled noted that the overall quality of the service that they received within the cafeteria was poor or substandard. Prime reasons were concentric upon surly staff and poor attention to detail with regards to refills and condiments

Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Change - Essay Example In business, resistance is the obstacle to surmount or conquer, especially when it comes to introducing new ideas, policies, protocols and products. This paper seeks to highlight resistance as a natural condition, and its application in successful product change in business with special emphasis on sales personnel. A business’ sole purpose is to make a profit at the end of the day’s activities, and when market conditions change, it requires businesses to formulate new ways of conducting business. Most businesses have a sales perspective that involves designated individuals who carry out the task of marketing and actualizing product(s) sale. According to Jaramillo et al, sales persons are more predisposed to resist change if they think it will increase their workload. For a business entity to achieve a successful product change, especially where its sales team is concerned, it needs to ensure that the team maintains its self-efficacy and autonomy (Jaramillo et al. 549). This would ensure that these individuals continue to maintain a harmonious and beneficial relationship with their customers. According to research conducted by Jaramillo et al, resistance to change exerts a negative influence on a salesperson’s performance and customer responsiveness. Managers in all business levels can help reduce resistance by explaining how proposed changes positively affect their workload. Businesses can also provide greater job autonomy to sales persons, which give them the opportunity to implement these changes according to the nature and situation of their respective fields of service. Positive reception of change by a sales team in a business translates to effective and efficient achievement of goals that prompt the need for a change. Jaramillo, F., Mulki, J. P., Onyemah, V. & Pesquera, M. R. Salesperson Resistance to change: An Empirical Investigation of Antecedents and Outcomes. London: International Journal of

Discussions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Discussions - Assignment Example The future is very unpredictable and I do not plan for the predictable but also prepare for the unpredictable which I do not know when or where it will happen. In the old aged institution that I work, my decisions are based on evidence and am also led by research. This ensures that the decisions that I make are real and viable. It also ensures that the firm I work in can compete favorably in the market. I also get things done. My propulsion for doing things this way is because I am always striving to make a difference. Also, by doing this, I am able to inspire my junior workers to do the same as some of them look up to me. Getting things done when you set to do them reduces the wasting of resources. Opening new horizons by setting out to get new ways of getting things done is another of my leadership qualities (Quong &Walker, 2010). This is mainly evident by the fact that I make decisions that are based on evidence and led by research. Sustainability goes beyond the triple bottom line. It includes what people think and this is mainly concerned with some myths that are common in business organizations. These myths have been carried on from one generation to another. Such myths could have been true when the business environment was still young and premature but as of the day-to-day business environment, such myths deserve to be done away with. One of the common myths in business organizations is that the manager is more important that the other employees. The importance of the manager is tied to the position that he/she occupies. It should instead be viewed that the managers are stewards or people who offer guidance to the other junior employees. Leadership should be viewed as a teamwork kind of thing, every employee contributes towards attaining it (Harrison, 2015). There are numerous changes that are taking place and the business organization that merely concentrate on social, environmental, health and safety rules are going

Motivations for Organizational Change for Sustainability Essay

Motivations for Organizational Change for Sustainability - Essay Example Although organizational change varies from one business context to another, organizational change adopts a general definition that refers to a specific change that has direct and significant effects in the management, operation, and output of an organization. Any variations in the way an organization operates and the way it is actually supposed to operate, leads to organizational change to ensure future successful growth and environmental preservation. Indeed the pace of organizational change is rapidly increasing courtesy of the new technology, social pressure, new lifestyles, environmental responsibility, and new ways of doing business. Many researches and model try to discuss organizational change towards sustainability. However, although change is aimed for the benefit of an organization, many stakeholders in organization are usually nervous and will tend to resist change consciously or subconsciously basing their fears on the uncertainty of the proposed changes. Hence, Corporate s face many challenges in initiating and implementing sustainable organization changes. An effective organizational change must be timely, sustainable, inclusive, motivational, done in the best professional way, strategic, environmental friendly, and enjoys the best organizational change management. ... An organizational change may lead to redundancy, change in working hours, transfers, promotions, retraining, and even loss of job opportunities (University of Western Australia, 2008, p.1). A change in the corporation may also lead to significant changes in the operation size, skills required, and composition of the corporation. There are different types of organizational change. An organizational change can be organizational wide, subsystem, transformational, incremental, remedial, or developmental (McNamara, 2012, p.1). The knowledge on the type of change helps all stake holders stick to the scope, objective and retain scope and perspective of the organizational change during the actual process of changing. An organization change process will involve different departments in an organization. Departments involved in the organizational change process include the targeted department, related departments, IT department which will build and operate the changed system, the finance depart ment that will support the entire process, customer-facing staff department that will apply the changes in customer relations, and the management that will oversee the organization change process (Wallace, 2007, p.1). However, the most important of the entire process of change is the organization change management. Change management is the application of a set of processes that ensure there is a systematic control and implementation of the proposed changes within the organizations’ emblem (University of Adelaide, 2012, p.4). An organizations management aims at designing an effective strategy that will overcome resistance from stakeholders and hence increase their engagement towards a successful

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Company Law - Essay Example n be altered by special resolution.3 However, any alteration must comply with the provisions contained in the company’s Memorandum of Association and the current Companies Acts. The Memorandum sets out the objects of the company and what the company can do. Therefore in the event a provision of the Articles is inconsistent with the Memorandum it will be overruled.4 Any alteration of the company’s Article of Association must be conducted in good faith and for the overall benefit of the company.5 The underlying rationale is the extent to which the majoritys power is contained so as to prevent majority oppression of the minority. Put another way, the principles of common law and equity effectively bind the majority share holders in the manifest exercise of their powers at the expense of minority shareholders.6 The courts have consistently approached the question of alteration of a company’s Articles of Association with extreme caution. There are many variants that are potentially conflicting. For one thing a fine balancing of the company’s interests and the interests of the members of the company as a body is relevant. The doctrine of majority rule is as equally important to the court as is the protection of the minority from oppression by the majority. Since by virtue of Section 9 of the Companies Act 1985 a majority can alter or amend provisions contained in the Articles of Association, it is important to the court that this is not accomplished by discriminatory or fraudulent means or motives on the part of the majority. The doctrine of majority rule was introduced in Foss v Harbottle. The rationale behind Foss was that any difficulties within the structure of the company ought to be dealt with by ratification by the majority shareholders.7 Inherent in this principle is the courts’ recognition of the company’s right to alter its Articles of Association. Jenkins LJ said, ‘†¦where the alleged wrong is a transaction which might be made binding

Motivations for Organizational Change for Sustainability Essay

Motivations for Organizational Change for Sustainability - Essay Example Although organizational change varies from one business context to another, organizational change adopts a general definition that refers to a specific change that has direct and significant effects in the management, operation, and output of an organization. Any variations in the way an organization operates and the way it is actually supposed to operate, leads to organizational change to ensure future successful growth and environmental preservation. Indeed the pace of organizational change is rapidly increasing courtesy of the new technology, social pressure, new lifestyles, environmental responsibility, and new ways of doing business. Many researches and model try to discuss organizational change towards sustainability. However, although change is aimed for the benefit of an organization, many stakeholders in organization are usually nervous and will tend to resist change consciously or subconsciously basing their fears on the uncertainty of the proposed changes. Hence, Corporate s face many challenges in initiating and implementing sustainable organization changes. An effective organizational change must be timely, sustainable, inclusive, motivational, done in the best professional way, strategic, environmental friendly, and enjoys the best organizational change management. ... An organizational change may lead to redundancy, change in working hours, transfers, promotions, retraining, and even loss of job opportunities (University of Western Australia, 2008, p.1). A change in the corporation may also lead to significant changes in the operation size, skills required, and composition of the corporation. There are different types of organizational change. An organizational change can be organizational wide, subsystem, transformational, incremental, remedial, or developmental (McNamara, 2012, p.1). The knowledge on the type of change helps all stake holders stick to the scope, objective and retain scope and perspective of the organizational change during the actual process of changing. An organization change process will involve different departments in an organization. Departments involved in the organizational change process include the targeted department, related departments, IT department which will build and operate the changed system, the finance depart ment that will support the entire process, customer-facing staff department that will apply the changes in customer relations, and the management that will oversee the organization change process (Wallace, 2007, p.1). However, the most important of the entire process of change is the organization change management. Change management is the application of a set of processes that ensure there is a systematic control and implementation of the proposed changes within the organizations’ emblem (University of Adelaide, 2012, p.4). An organizations management aims at designing an effective strategy that will overcome resistance from stakeholders and hence increase their engagement towards a successful

Biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Biology - Essay Example There were no fossils available at this time to make comparisons or linkages. As a result what was available was visual and the comparison was made to gorillas and chimpanzees which included bonobos. Authors and researchers A. C. Wilson and V. M. Sarich wrote that quantitative comparisons made of serum albumins, transferrins, hemoglobins, and DNA show that man is more similar to African Apes than to old world monkeys. They argued that the inference made by some regarding monkeys to men is not correct. (Wilson, Sarich 1088) This argument is made well simply because the original argument made by Darwin as Dawkins points out was in favor of Apes and chimpanzees versus monkeys. Additional support for the theories originally postulated by Darwin abounds as a result of the use of DNA. Dawkins address’s the various fossils and skeletons found, Ape Man, Java man, Peking man and more and debunk the creationist approach in this regard. He does make it clear that he respects the creationists approach regarding the use of arguments that are not valid, though his disdain for them shines through in the surrounding texts. Though the argument against the missing links has valid points, the author Dr. Marvin Lubenow makes it clear that the fossil presentations can be called into question simply because they cannot be definitively shown to be human or of human ancestry. (Lubenow 10-17) Dawkins continues to place what is known and accepted ahead of these arguments however, and shows that some of the more lurid attempts to challenge the fossil records are not based in science but in popular belief. As we read through the next two chapters we are quickly made to see that some of the more normal arguments made against evolution truly are baseless. One argument for which Dawkins quotes a brilliant response is the argument that man could come from a single cell. The response is swift

Bridge Syllabus 2012-2013 Essay Example for Free

Bridge Syllabus 2012-2013 Essay 4. Course Overview: Welcome! This course is designed for entering students who plan to major in biology at IUPUI. The overall goal is to facilitate your entry into IUPUI, and help you succeed in college. We will be building on academic skills you already have and introducing you to the many resources available at IUPUI. During the summer, you will be part of the Summer Bridge, and will participate in activities with other groups of students. During the fall, we will be a section of Windows on Science (Science learning community, section 10316) which is a one credit course. The last meeting of the Windows on Science will be October 25, when we register for Spring 2013 classes. As part of the IUPUI bridge program, we will concentrate on introducing you to the campus and preparing you for college-level coursework. This class will use Oncourse (oncourse. iu. edu) to post grades, make announcements, etc. During the summer and fall you will meet several people in the School of Science, including at least one of the professors teaching one of your fall classes. These meetings will be quite informal and allow you to learn more about science, and about the courses they teach and what it takes to succeed in them. It will also make it easier to go to them for help if you need it later. 5. Research Projects: Most of you know that science is based on lots of accumulated knowledge, but you may not realize it also requires the ability to imagine what comes next, and/or innovative ways to use and transmit that knowledge to others. During the summer and fall you will work independently on three projects designed to introduce you to the culture and creativity of science, and the value of both imagination and knowledge. Two of the projects will be done as individuals working on subjects of their own choosing, and the third will be the whole class working on a single topic. To assist you with these projects you will be introduced to the university’s library system, the writing center (college-level writing), and the communication department (college-level oral presentations). These will help you not only with the bridge projects but later with Eng-W 131 and Comm-R 110, the composition and communication courses required for almost every major at IUPUI. Both of the individual projects will end with an oral presentation that will also include power point slides if you need help with power point just ask either the mentor or Dr. Ulbright for help. The first individual research project (Imagination) will focus on the role of imagination in scientific work. For this research project you will select a problem involving society or your community and come up with a novel idea of how you could use science to solve it. This problem can be economic, social, ecological, health or any other category – the choice is yours. The solution can be as real-world or as imaginative as you wish but it must be at least partly based on some real science. This will culminate on August 15 or 16 with a short (3 -5 minutes long) oral presentation and a short (250 word) paper. In both the presentation and the paper you should †¢ explain what the problem is †¢ explain why you chose it †¢ describe your solution with relevant details †¢ suggest what should be considered in designing the solution(s) †¢ note any new problem(s) that you think your solution might cause. The second individual research project (Knowledge) will let you become an expert in one area where science has a covert or overt community impact. You will briefly discuss how and what areas of science are involved, and probably will want to choose a topic you can relate to your proposed major and/or career. On August 23 or 30 you will give a five-minute talk about your topic, including at least 6 PowerPoint slides. On August 23 you will hand in a 250 word summary/essayg;ER. g’Erglo on it. As part of this project you will learn how to use the electronic library resources for college-level research and literature searches. During bridge you will be introduced to the IUPUI library resources and as part of this project you will find two (2) pertinent research articles and one non-peer-reviewed but credible source dealing with your subject. You may not use Wikipedia, or any dictionary or encyclopedia. The third, whole-class project (Service) will have two parts – both will use your media and technology skills, plus your knowledge of biology. The class will decide on the two projects they will do. For the first project, which will be done during Bridge, there is a choice of working with 2nd grade or  high school subjects. For both, the idea is to create an exercise covering a required science topic and making science interesting. Besides media skills, this will draw on your imagination, and your ideas of what students like. We have lists of topics for both grade levels. The second project, which we will do once the semester starts, is to create tutorial presentations to help high school students master some of the tougher concepts in biology – for example, the biochemistry of photosynthesis, meiosis, etc. This project will also help many of our bridge students because these subjects are covered in K101. We will try to finish both projects by September 29 (depends on when the selected topics are covered in K101). For extra credit, members of the Bridge class will visit the 2nd grade classroom. 6. Bridge Scrapbook – during the fall semester the class will select pictures from the Bridge and fall semester images, and create a power point â€Å"scrapbook†. Students will work in the teams they had for their scavenger hunt. This is due Oct 18. 7. Goals: The goals of this Bridge/Window course include: †¢ To help you develop the skills for success in college. Should you have any concerns about physical, academic or other challenges you may face as you start college, we will help you learn about solutions and assistance available to you at IUPUI and make every effort to assist you in making your Bridge and first year experience successful. †¢ To develop a group of friends who will be in some of your classes †¢ To share information on campus resources. †¢ To provide a context for assessing interests, values, and abilities so you can make the most of your time at the university. †¢ To provide a place for students to establish a support network at the University, including faculty, staff, librarians, and students. †¢ To introduce students to the IUPUI Principles of Undergraduate Learning. †¢ To enhance understanding and respect for values and practices of the academic community, including respect for diversity, the open exchange of ideas, collegiality, and academic and scientific integrity. 8. Course Requirements: †¢ Attend class regularly, be on time, and actively participate in class discussions and activities, including fieldtrips. If you must be absent, notify the instructor (Ulbright) before class. †¢ Complete the four projects. For the Imagination and Knowledge projects, present your work as an oral presentation that includes PowerPoint. For the knowledge project – submit a 250 essay summarizing what you learned. For the two Service â€Å"Teaching Science† projects, work with the class to complete and submit your part by the due dates. †¢ Learn how to use technologies such as Oncourse and information resources. †¢ Complete assignments and submit them by the due date. †¢ Submit daily journals and other assignments via Oncourse. †¢ Meet with the faculty member at least once before October 1. †¢ Meet the student mentor outside of class before October 1. †¢ Meet with the advisor and complete your preliminary academic plan by October 11, 2012. Submit your proposed schedule (OneStart shopping cart) by October 18. †¢ Register for spring 2013 on October 25, 2012. †¢ Attend two campus activities/events. †¢ Shadow or interview someone working in a job you are considering as your career or that is similar (we may do this during one of our class periods) †¢ There is NO FINAL EXAM in Windows – yay! 9. Grades: Assignments, attendance, journals and exercises during Bridge will be part of your Windows grade. Graded components will include: †¢ Imagination Project – 40 points †¢ Knowledge Project – 100 points †¢ Service Project – 100 points †¢ Meeting with advisor to plan spring schedule prior to Oct 11 – 25 points †¢ Meeting with student mentor during September – 20 points †¢ Meeting with faculty mentor before Oct. 1 – 20 points †¢ Journals – 10 points each †¢ Attendance – 10 points per class meeting (including Bridge) †¢ Registration – 20 points †¢ Career Shadowing – 20 points. †¢ Campus events/activities – 10 points each (you may do additional ones for extra credit) †¢ Career Assignment – 20 points †¢ Time Management – 10 points †¢ Scrapbook – 15 points †¢ Other assignments will be announced Grade Scale: A = 90% and above of possible points B = 80% C = 70% D = 60% F = less than 60% 10. Basic Policies Attendance: As you begin your college career at IUPUI, attending your courses regularly and on time will be vital to becoming a successful student. You have made a significant commitment to yourself, your college, your classmates, and your professors to be involved in the classes for which you have enrolled. Students who are present and participate are best able to learn; those who regularly attend class, come prepared and on time, and participate are also in the best position to demonstrate what they have learned. Since your college career begins with the Summer Bridge, we encourage you to make attendance and arrival times a priority. Admission in the Summer Academy is a privilege; therefore, we expect perfect attendance. We also expect you to arrive to your classes on time and stay for the full day. If you are not willing to commit to perfect attendance and arriving to class on time, then we would like to offer your seat in the program to someone who is committed. Only documented absences for genuine emergencies will be excusable, and there will be grade penalties for incomplete participation and tardiness. With traffic, parking, etc. you might have trouble getting to class on time, so being 15 minutes late once will be overlooked. After the first late arrival, each time you arrive late or leave early you will lose the points for that class meeting. For each unexcused absence during the fall semester your grade will be lowered by 1/3 (for example, from an A to an A-). In addition, if you miss more than two class meetings during the first four weeks of the fall semester without a valid excuse you will be administratively withdrawn from the fall part of the class (Windows on Science). Administrative withdrawal may have academic, financial aid, and financial implications. Since it occurs after the refund period has ended you will not be eligible for a refund, and it will be difficult to add a class to replace the credit hour. If you have questions about the administrative withdrawal or attendance policies at any point in the semester, please contact me (Dr. Ulbright). Please keep in close touch with me if you are unable to attend class or complete an assignment on time – together we can usually find a solution. Civility and Conduct: Both Bridge and Windows should provide students the opportunity to understand and practice behaviors which support their learning and that of others within an atmosphere of mutual respect. This should include expectations related to respect for the rights of others, acceptance of one’s responsibilities as a member of a community of learners, and the practice of academic integrity, such as the following from the IUPUI Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities,and Conduct [http://www. iupui. edu/code]: The University has certain expectations as to the civility of our campus community. Among those values is fostering a climate of civility and mutual respect regardless of race, gender, age, or status in the institution. IUPUI has achieved much of its promise as an urban university because we work together toward common ends. Because the university is so complex and diverse, however, we will not always agree with one another. When we disagree it must be done with civility. We encourage everyone to speak and act judiciously and with respect for one another. Also among our values are academic freedom and an open exchange of ideas and opinions. However, when there are messages displayed that promote divisiveness in our academic community we have an obligation to condemn those messages as being antithetical to our university ideals and sense of shared responsibility for each other’s welfare. If we are to be true to our commitment to diversity and be welcoming to all, everyone must do his or her part. We know the terrible legacy of unopposed statements of racial divisiveness and diatribe. If we don’t discourage such statements, they become insidiously acceptable and poison the climate of trust and respect we strive to maintain. When apathy leads us to permit discrimination or harassment because we ourselves are not objects of such behavior, we have failed our community. No set of rules or policies can wholly govern human conduct. Civility is a fragile construct that each of us must cherish and preserve. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism: IUPUI has high expectations of its students. Academic and personal misconduct by students is defined and will be dealt with according to the procedures specified in the IUPUI Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct [http://www. iupui. edu/code]. There are five fundamental values that this academic community expects: honesty, fairness, respect, responsibility and trust. It is important for students to be aware of the expectations of IUPUI regarding individual course work, including Oncourse assignments and examinations. Students should be aware of the rules which govern their behavior, both on and off campus, and aware of the consequences of making poor choices. Instructors have tools available through Oncourse which enable monitoring of their activity within the virtual classroom and programs such as Turnitin to detect plagiarism, and these tools can be used as evidence of academic misconduct. Please consider that holding yourself to high standards of academic integrity in your college work will likely be important to you in some way in your future. Academic dishonesty limits the amount of actual learning you can accomplish – not learning material well in a one class means you are poorly prepared for the next class and may later effect your job performance in the future regardless of whether you are caught or not. We hope the person calculating the dosage of radiation you will receive really did earn that â€Å"A† in Physics. Class Etiquette: The first-year seminar course is structured to be a time for learning within a civil framework. Inappropriate talking, eating, texting or working on other coursework during the class session should be avoided. Inappropriate student behavior not conducive to the proper functioning of the class will be identified and dealt with immediately. Tentative Fall Schedule 2012 Windows (Bridge) Section 10316 Room BS 3012 Thursdays 3:00 – 4:50pm August 23 IUPUI resources (online and on-campus), time to work on Service project, First set of Knowledge Orals. August 30 Rest of Knowledge Orals September 6 Medical Museum September 13 Service Project and Advising September 20 TBA September 27 Role of Science in American Culture, Ethics and Science October 4 Principles of Undergraduate Education, Professional and Graduate Programs October 11 Eiteljorg Museum; Career Assignment due October 18 Study abroad, Next semester’s profs, Scrapbook and Schedules with sections due October 25 Registration, Pizza, Last Class.

QA Systems in Upscale Hotels

QA Systems in Upscale Hotels Quality assurance systems are an important element of any business strategy. As Porter (1985 and 2004) suggests, quality is now seen as a major force for gaining competitive advantage, particularly with the consumer. There is no commercial activity where this is more important than in the hotel sector. As Yavas et al (1995) state, the question is no longer whether to have quality assurance programmes, but rather how to make these programmes work,  within this sector of hospitality. It can be argued that in terms of quality assurance systems delivery the hotel sector is in a distinctive position, particularly when it is related to service satisfaction (Parasuraman 1997, Schiffman and Kanuk 2000). Unlike most other industries, where customer contact and engagement during a visit might be fleeting, as happens in retail shop environment, a hotels interaction with customers can last from a few hours to several days. Furthermore, as Kandampully et al (2001, p.28) the quality of the hotel product also has to take into account the customer-to-customer interactions. Following a brief literature review, the intention of this essay is to examine quality assurance systems and evaluate the effect that these systems have upon service quality and customer satisfaction within the upscale Hotel market. Quality assurance and management within the hotel environment is focused upon satisfying the customer. Therefore, this review concentrates on the existing literature relating to customer satisfaction and the various methods and frameworks of service quality related to this focus. Academic literature relating to customer satisfaction falls within two main categories, these being the psychological perceptions of the customer and the practical ways in which customer satisfaction can be implemented to help a business achieve its objectives. In the hotel sector, this objective is to try and engender a high level of customer satisfaction in order to positively influence our customers repurchasing and communicative behaviour   (Hennig-Thurau and Hassen (2000, p.62). However, to achieve this aim the business has to understand what drives customer satisfaction. Christopher (1984), Holbrook (1999), Schiffmand and Kanuk 2000 and Brennen (2003) all agree that satisfaction is related to the consumers perception or judgement of a product experience and value when set against their expectations and the payment made. Zeithamls (1998, p.14) describes it as follows, being that   Perceived value is the consumers overall assessment of the utility of a product based on perceptions of what is received and what is given †¦ value represents a trade-off of the salient give and get components  , in other words the cost paid is measured against the value expected . Therefore, it can be suggested that the greater the service quality the higher the satisfaction (Kandampully et al. 2001, p.8) and, conversely, the higher the price the greater the perception of value. Bostepe (2007) further identifies that, within a service environment such as a hotel, consumer satisfaction does not simply rely upon the quality of service satisfaction received from business employees, although this is an essential element. The physical environment, for example the dà ©cor, bedrooms and other facilities offered, are also elements of the consumers perceived value and service satisfaction. If any of these are deemed as sub-standard, particularly when related to the price paid, this will reduce the customers enjoyment and levels of satisfaction. It follows therefore that only by concentration upon providing quality within all of these areas of the product will the business be able to assure satisfaction and encourage customer loyalty (Holbrook 1999, p.121), which Porter (1998), Parasuraman (1997) Agrawal (2000) and Harrison (2003) all agree is essential to competitive advantage. There are numerous quality assurance measurement systems and standards available for use within the business environment. Customer feedback is one such measurement. Client feedback can be achieved by two methods. The first way is to provide questionnaires that hotel guests are asked to complete before the end of their stay. The second is to rely upon externally conducted questionnaires, interviews and polls, which can be conducted on a continuous basis. However, whilst comments and responses provided by customers may act as a good testimonial for the business (Porter 1998, p.1478), these systems have their drawbacks. In addition to the fact that not all customers might respond, the design of the process itself is often flawed (Kandampully et al 2001) and can therefore be misinterpreted. For example, a simple complaints procedure would not necessarily identify areas of quality success. Secondly, these feedback processes tend to lack definition. Their use may therefore be inhibited by the fact that they do not provide management with sufficient detail to be able to locate and resolve the specific areas of the business where deficiency of service quality is occurring. Furthermore, a system of continuous surveys adds to the business administration costs and, in addition, raises the inherent issue of sampling (Visit Britain 2008 b). Evidence of these limitations can be seen in a recent survey conducted by Visit Britain (2008 a) (see figu re 1). Figure 1 Customer hotel choice determinants   Source: Visit Britain (2008 a, p.11)  Whilst it is clearly apparent from these results that customer satisfaction in related to encouraging loyalty and retention, as well as being inherently useful in turning existing customers into promotional tools for the hotel, this does not provide management with a detailed analysis of the areas where satisfaction has been achieved or denote what areas were not satisfying.  To provide detailed quality service observations therefore, a more robust quality assurance system is required and most of these are based upon variations of the Total Quality Management (TQM) system (Dotchin and Oakland 1994 and Ziethaml et al 2000). These methods are designed to assess and monitor the level of quality being maintained throughout all areas of the business process and its supply chain, from an internal as well as external viewpoint. One such variation, particularly applicable to the hotel industry, is the SERVQUAL method, which originated from the works of Parasuraman et al (1991). Kandampully et al (2001, p.68) observe that many academics and practical studies have used SERVQUAL as a true measure of customer service and that it has been extensively applied (Shahin 2005, p.4) in service based organisations. Amongst these service industries will be included the hospitality and hotel sector of the tourism industry. Despite the fact that recent researches have sought to extend the elements of quality measurement with the SERVQUAL model, fundamentally it is still based upon the level of quality assurance to be measured and gained within five key sectors of the business processes, which are: Tangibles Physical facilities, equipment and appearance of personnel. Reliability Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Responsiveness Willingness to help customers and provide prompt service. Assurance (including competence, courtesy, credibility and security). Knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to inspire trust and confidence. Empathy (including access, communication, understanding the customer). Caring and individualized attention that the firm provides to its customers. Source: Sahney et al 2004 The SERVQUAL measurement can be used internally, through measurement against preset quality assurance standards such as the ISO 9001 Quality certification process (BSI 2008) and the Star Rating system operated by Visit Britain (2008) in conjunction with the Automobile Association. In this case the hotel services and processes are measured against pre-determined sets of quality criterion and monitored at least annually by those who regulate these standards. The internal quality assurance programme is also complemented by external consumer questionnaires and interview surveys. The SERVQUAL quality assurance method has been in existence for some years and is tried and tested  (Shahin 2005, p.5), making it a firm favourite within the hotel service industry, where managers are comfortable and confident with the outcomes of these measurements. An element of SERVQUAL that is considered particularly important in this respect is the fact that the system and its measurements are monitored and updated on a regular basis (Holbrook (1999), Sahney et al (2004) and Boztepe (2007)), for example annually (Shahin 2005, p.6). Both ISO 9001 and the Star Rating systems conform to these determinants. As will be seen from the following analysis, the quality assurance systems applied to the hotel in terms of both the internal industry Star Rating and external SERVQUAL systems are virtually synonymous in terms of the standards and factors they rely upon for measurement. To maintain their perception as upscale or 5 star hotels, in each of these cases the hotel will have to achieve much higher levels of standards. 4.1 Star Rating system  Although the Star Rating system is formatted in a slightly different way to SERVQUAL, the quality elements of this process are still graded in a similar manner. The main difference is the fact that there are minimum quality requirements before the hotel will even be considered for a rating. However, even these equate to the tangible element of the SERVQUAL system (figure 2).  Figure 2 Minimum entry requirements   Source (Visit Britain 2005, p.8)  Once the minimum entry requirements have been met, to assess which star level is applicable to the establishment independent inspectors will monitor five quality bands and award a quality percentage to each. These percentages determine what rating the establishment has achieved (figure 3). Figure 3 Quality bands for star rating Star rating Bands One star 30-46% Two stars 47-54% Three stars 55-69% Four Stars 70-84% Five Stars 85-100% Source: Visit Britain (2005, p.6) Furthermore, this standard of quality has to be achieved across a range of five product elements, which include cleanliness, service, food quality, bedrooms and bathrooms. Simply complying in one of the areas is not sufficient to earn the highest star. Therefore, if the hotel fails to achieve the required 85-100% standards during an annual monitoring it risks its rating being downgraded to four stars or a lower standard. For instance, in the example shown below (figure 4), despite the fact that the hotel being monitored has achieved the five star requirements in three of the five bands, its failures in the other two would demote it to a four star hotel. Figure 4 Quality bank achievement Level Standard 1 2 3 4 5 Cleanliness X Service X Food quality X Bedrooms X Bathrooms X Source: adapted from Visit Britain (2005, p.7) 4.2 SERVQUAL system  When using the SERVQUAL system, which is largely based largely upon the results of customer satisfaction surveys, although all hotels would be looking to achieve the maximum service quality satisfaction level of 100% in terms of the overall scoring, there is a significant difference in the way this would be achieved when related to the different standard of establishments. To provide an example of how this equates in practice, the following is a comparison between the SERVQUAL requirements of a 5 star hotel against lower rated hotel, such as the budget Travelodge hotel chain (figure 5). Figure 5 SERVQUAL comparisons SERVQUAL criterion 5-star hotel Travelodge Tangibility 20% 20% Reliability 20% 30% Responsiveness 20% 15% Assurance 20% 25% Empathy 20% 10% Total 100% 100% It is apparent from the above comparison that the 5-star establishment requires their quality of service to be more balanced, in other words no one area of their product should be delivering a lower quality of service than any other. However, with the budget chain, which operates on a low cost strategy that eliminates much of the human resources and food elements, these specific areas are shown to have less importance to the business, but need to be compensated by increased levels of satisfaction in other areas of quality if the business is to remain successful. What is immediately apparent from the analysis of the two quality assurance systems identified above as being used within the hotel sector is their compatibility. This not only applies to the systems per se, but also to the measurement of the results. In both cases an upscale hotel would need to achieve a balanced score with high ratings in all of the quality determinants if it is to maintain its market position and be perceived by the potential customer as a quality (5 star) hotel. Conversely, the lower quality hotels pay less attention to those areas of the standards that are more directly related to the quality of service provided by their human resources, relying instead upon other elements to satisfy customer quality perception, such as low cost (Porter 2004). Whilst it could therefore be stated in simple terms that quality assurance is related to the price being paid for the product, what research such as that conducted by Shahin (2006), Ziethaml et al (1990) and Holbrook (1999), and the fact that all hotels, irrespective of their standards, operate quality assurance systems, shows is that price is simply one element required to fulfil customer satisfaction needs. Whatever price is being charged for the hotel product the customer will still weigh the experience received against the value they expect from the product enjoyed at that price (Zeithaml 1988 and Parasuraman et at 1994). A customer who decides to spend a greater amount of his or her disposable income on arranging to stay in a 5-star hotel will have a much greater value expectation than one who chooses a budget hotel stay. The former will expect the service quality to exist in all aspects of the hotel product. This includes the dà ©cor and the ambiance of the environment, the facilities that are being offered, including meals and room service, and the performance of the hotels human resources. If these quality expectations are not met that customer will perceive that they have not received value for money and therefore will view the experience as less than satisfactory. Therefore, they will be unlikely to promote the hotel in a positive manner to others or re-use it. It is apparent that in the case of an upscale or5-star hotel the combination of the industry Star Rating and SERVQUAL quality assurance systems will have a significant impact upon their service quality and the level of customer satisfaction achieved from using the product. In terms of the Star Rating system, the higher the star rating the greater the expectation of the customer in terms of their perception of the quality that will be found in this establishment. Therefore, the five star establishments are likely to attract customers who wish to avail themselves of the higher quality experience.   With regard to the external SERVQUAL system of measurement, because these are results from customer experiences, the greater the levels of quality achieved in the areas measured, the more likely it is that customers will be retained and act as recommenders to other potential customers. In both cases therefore, it can be concluded that the quality assurance system is designed to achieve competitive advantage by attracting additional market share, thus improving the hotels revenue and profitability levels. Agrawal (2000). Managing service industries in the new millennium: Evidence is everything. Paper presented at the AIMS Convention on Service Management  Berry L L and Parasuraman, A (1991). Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality,  Free Press. New York, US  Boztepe, Suzan (2007). User Value: Competing theories and models.  International Journal of Design,  Vol. 1, Issue. 2, pp.55-63.  Brennan, Ross (2003). Value in Marketing: Confusion or Illumination? Available from: http://mubs.mdx.ac.uk/Research/Discussion_Papers/  Marketing/dpap%20marketing%20no25.pdf (Accessed 22 December 2008)  BSI (2008). ISO 9001Quality. Available from: http://www.bsi-global.com/en/Assessment-and-certification-services  /management-systems/Standards-and-Schemes/ISO-9001/ (Accessed 22 December 2008)  Chetwynd, Catherine and Knight, Jenny (2007). Time to capitalise on falling hotel occupancy.  The Times. London, UK.  Christopher, M. (1996). From brand values to customer value.  J ournal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science,  Vol. 2, Issue.2, pp.55-66.  Dotchin, J.A and Oakland, J.S (1994). Total Quality Management in Services: Part 3: Distinguishing perceptions of Service Quality.  International Journal of Quality reliability Management, Vol. 11, Issue. 4, pp.6-28  Gale, B. T. (1994). Managing customer value. Free Press. New York, US.  Harrison, Jeffrey S (2003). Strategic Management: Of Resources and Relationship.  John Wiley Sons Inc.  New York, US.  Hennig-Thurau, Thorsten and Hansen, Ursula (eds) (2000). Relationship Marketing: Gaining Competitive Advantage Through Customer Satisfaction and Customer Retention.  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidleberg. New York, US.  Holbrook, M. B. (Ed.). (1999). Consumer value: A framework for analysis and research.  Routledge. New York, US.  Kandampully, Jay., Mox, Connie and Sparks, Beverley (2001). Service Quality Management in Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure.  Haworth Press. New Yo rk, US.  Kotler P (1999). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control (Millennium ed.) Englewood Cliffs, N J;  Prentice-Hall, 279-317.  Parasuraman, A. (1997). Reflections on gaining competitive advantage through customer value. Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 154-161.  Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1991), Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL scale.  Journal of Retailing, Vol. 67, pp. 420-450.  Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1993), Research note: more on improving service quality measurement,  Journal of Retailing, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 140-147.  Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A. and Berry, L.L. (1994), Reassessment of expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality: implications for future research,  Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, pp. 111-124.  Porter, M. E. (1998). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance.  Free Press. New York, US  Porter, M .E (2004). Competitive Advantage. Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors.  Free Press.  New York, US  Sahney, S., Banwet, D.K., and Karunes, S. (2004), A SERVQUAL and QFD approach to total quality education: A student perspective,  International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol.53, No.2, pp. 143-166.  Schiffman, L g and L L Kanuk (2000). Consumer Behaviour.  FT Prentice Hall, New Jersey, US.  Shahin, Dr. Arash (2005). SERVQUAL and Models of Service Quality Gaps: A Framework for Determining and Prioritizing Critical Factors in Delivering Quality Systems. Available:  Visit Britain (2008 a). UK Market Profile 2007. Available from: http://www.tourismtrade.org.uk/  Images/UK_DMarketing_tcm12-22850.pdf (Accessed 21 December 2008)  Visit Britain (2008 b). Britain Inbound: Overall Market Profile. Available from: http://www.tourismtrade.org.uk/Images/Inbound  FINAL_2008_%20BritInbound3F_tcm12-40935.pdf (Accessed 21 December 2008)  V isit London (2005). Hotel Accommodation; Quality Standards. Available from: http://www.qualityintourism.com/content/pdfs/Standards/  Hotel%20Standard%20INT.pdf (Accessed 21 December 2008)  Yavas, U., Yasin, M and Wafa, m (1995). Front and back-stage strategies in service delivery in the hospitality industry: a conceptual framework.  Market Intelligence Planning.  Vol. 13, Issue, 11, pp.22-26  Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketin,, Vol. 52, Issue. 3, pp.2-22  Zeithaml, V.A., Parasuraman, A. and Berry, L.L. (1990),  Delivering quality service; Balancing customer perceptions and expectations.  The Free Press, New York, NY.

Shakespeares Othello - Desdemona the Ideal Essay -- Othello essays

Desdemona the Ideal  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   What wife can compare to the ideal wife which the Bard of Avon has painted for us in his tragedy Othello? She is appreciated by everyone except the villain.    Angela Pitt in â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies† comments on Desdemona as the ideal wife:    Handbooks of the period explain in some detail what is required of the ideal wife, and Desdemona seems to fulfill even the most conservative expectation. She is beautiful and also humble:    A maiden never bold Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion Blushed at herself. (I.iii.)    Her concern for Cassio shows her generosity, for she will intercede for him with Othello. She is wise, and also a ‘true and loving’ wife – ‘the sweetest innocent that e’er did lift up eye’. (44-45)    David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies describes the depth of virtue within this tragic heroine:    We believe her [Desdemona] when she says that she does not even know what it means to be unfaithful; the word â€Å"whore† is not in her vocabulary. She is defenseless against the charges brought against her because she does not even comprehend them, cannot believe that anyone would imagine such things. Her love, both erotic and chaste, is of that transcendent wholesomeness common to several late Shakespearean heroines [. . .]. Her â€Å"preferring† Othello to her father, like Cordelia’s placing her duty to a husband before that to a father, is not ungrateful but natural and proper. (221)    Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants interprets the protagonist’s very meaningful four-word greeting to Desdemona which he utters upon disembarking in Cyprus:    Othello’s four words, â€Å"O, my soul’s joy,† tel... ...mind behind the murder results in Iago’s murder of her. Gullible Othello, grief-stricken by remorse for the tragic mistake he has made, stabs himself and dies on the bed next to his wife, his sorrow being as deep as his love for Desdemona prior to Iago’s machinations.    WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Coles, Blanche. Shakespeare’s Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire: Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.    Pitt, Angela. â€Å"Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.      

Advocacy for poverty

Maya Coney Crystal Snyder Adam Smith Kyle Parker Need For Advocacy: We want to advocate for those In poverty. The world has enough food to feed everyone but food distribution Is uneven between social classes. Due to this Inequality, we have chosen different options on how to reduce this Issue. People of poverty often face problems with prejudice, Judgment, misunderstanding, and discrimination. We want to help reduce hunger In our community In the Valhalla Beach area and DOD community as well. We also want to help provide clothing to the underprivileged.All of which will help provide awareness for people experiencing poverty. Plan Development: Our group is going to participate in the spirit Friday Food Drive at ODD main campus. The event is scheduled for September 27, 2013. Students are asked to provide nonperishable goods for collection. Our group also plans to participate as a volunteer in the Food Bank of Southeastern VA on November 1 5, 2013. In addition to these two events and ac tivities, we plan to also participate in Meals and Wheels in November as well. Plan Implementation: Our group plans to create a flier.On this flier, we plan to create an event for which students at the V Higher De Center can donate nonperishable goods. After creating the flier, we plan to coordinate the donation event in accordance with the flier. In the donation event, we also plan to collect clothing for donation to local thrift stores, like Goodwill or Salvation Army. To help spread awareness, we plan to forward any school sponsored events from ODDS directed towards poverty to students that attend campus classes. Assessment of Advocacy Project: Individual/ Personal Reflections (4, 1 for each member of the group)Advocacy for poverty By tackles 82 We want to advocate for those in poverty. The world has enough food to feed everyone but food distribution is uneven between social classes. Due to this inequality, we have chosen different options on how to reduce this issue. People of d iscrimination. We want to help reduce hunger in our community in the Virginia Beach area and ODDS community as well. We also want to help provide clothing to the Our group is going to participate in the spirit Friday Food Drive at ODDS main campus. In the Food Bank of Southeastern VA on November 15, 2013.

Philosophers Helping America Essay

The paper is about a particular philosopher whose ideas coincide with what is needed of the United States of America. Apparently, lack of common interest among the citizens is one of the problems experienced by the people. The ideas presented by Jean Jacques Rousseau particularly on the origin of inequality answers all the issues that surround lack of common interest among citizens of a country. The first part of the paper will be a discussion about the problem on lack of common interest among citizens of America. It will be followed by a discussion about Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his discourses which is composed of topics about his second essay and its application to the problem of lack of common interest among Americans. Thus, it is submitted that Lack of Common Interest among Citizens of America There are three major important matters that Americans must consider for economic and political progress and these are national security, economic development, and political power. National security is the capability of a country to ensure self-preservation and protection in its internal and external territory. Economic development is a process by which a country is able to remain economically-stable and independent. Political power revolves around the idea that a country must be able to remain politically-powerful in the world. The problem emerges when political leaders and citizens of the country do not have common interests regarding economic and political development. The American people do not hold the same sentiments with respect to national security. Recently, some people are happy when the Bush revolution in foreign policy no longer exists (Daalder & Lindsay 1). But there is a glaring truth that enemies were just lurking within the country. Research studies reported that concern of Americans on sensitive international laws and institutions in relation to war and terror can change the world (Daalder & Lindsay 1). Yet, it is not denied that America allowed alienated allies to be unbound and empowered enemies. As a result, Americans were divided shaking the political values of the country. In addition, Bush administration allowed the existence of overstretched military capabilities and multiplied threats to enemy states. The installation of powerful military operatives in Iraq is one example of overstretching military power. This political strategy however was questioned by so many people. Hence, we are reminded that the United States of America is not omnipotent despite its unmatched political power around the world. The common interest should be the move of American political leaders to work closely with other states and end the devastating war. With respect to economic development in America, the people experienced differences in interest especially on the issue of business outsourcing. Some American businessmen decided to conduct outsourcing with other countries with respect to customer services and other manpower- dominated labor. For these businessmen, outsourcing can give positive results for their business endeavors. Most of the providers of manpower coming from other countries are producing skilled, competitive, and reliable employees (â€Å"Outsourcing Effects on America’s Economy†). Despite the fact that these workers are skilled and competitive, they are amenable to any agreement involving low salary. American companies were able to lessen their company costs due to outsourcing strategy that provides cheap labor. On the other hand, others are questioning the outsourcing strategy of American businessmen because it caused the increase of unemployment rate in the country (â€Å"Outsourcing Effects on America’s Economy†). Some American workers lost their jobs due to the advent of outsourcing manpower resources. The common interest should be the prioritization of American workers in terms of employment in its own country. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and His Discourses The Famous Philosophical Writings of Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau is one of the most intelligent philosophers of his time. He was an influential thinker that his works gained attention from the people. He also gained influence on other people during the Enlightenment period in 18th century Europe (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). In the year 1970, Rousseau won in an essay contests conducted by the Academy of Dijon by the work â€Å"A Discourse on the Sciences and Arts† (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). The primary argument of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the said philosophical work is that virtue and morality are corrupted due to the progression of science and the arts (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). The second work of Rousseau is entitled â€Å"The Discourse on the Origin of Inequality† which is famous for its extensive explanation of the first discourse. The second philosophical work of Rousseau did not earn him an award from the Academy of Dijon. Immanuel Kant’s writings on ethics were influenced by the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). Lastly, the political ideals of Rousseau were used by political leaders during the French Revolution. Discourse on the Origin of Inequality The Philosophical Idea of Jean-Jacques Rousseau The essay of Rousseau entitled â€Å"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality† answers the question on the origin of inequality of men. The four main parts of the essay are dedication to the Republic of Geneva, a brief preface, a primary part, and a secondary part. Rousseau believes that the presence of society is just an invention. He attempted to give an explanation on the nature of men by means of stripping all their unintended attributes brought about by socialization (â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778†). The said work of Rousseau is related to the work of Hobbes and Locke. Application to the Problem The reason why there is lack of common interest among citizens of the United States is the existence of the rich and the poor. Rich and influential individuals continue to decide on matters that satisfies only their personal interest. The least fortunate exert efforts to advance their needs in the society. Since, society is just an invention according to Rousseau, the absence of human needs out of socialization results to the equalization of common interests. Thus, there is a need to eradicate selfish motives in the society and political leaders must work on the common welfare of the people. Rousseau knows that a person is inherently good (Pousi 1). The will of a person to go along with what is needed in the society makes him bad. Money is the cause of all evil. Rousseau used historical explanation in this concept in order to understand the factors irrelevant to human nature (Puosi 1). During those times when money is not yet the most important need in every person, the behavior of mankind is good and there is a lower rate of criminality (Puosi 1). The concept of discrimination was invented when human nature was raised to the level of affluence and power. Basically, a person usually discriminates others if he belongs to a rich and powerful race. Therefore, the irrelevant needs of the people like extraneous power and influence must be eradicated. The need of extra money must not be the reason of service and work in the society. The problem of economic development can only be solved if American merchants will serve first the needs of other American workers before their own needs. In that way, higher rate of unemployment due to outsourcing labor can be solved. The political and economic development changes over time due to the existence of international competition over world power. The concept of terrorism was discovered when other countries wants to rule over the world like America does in terms of political and economic influence and power. The human nature which is kind-hearted and good was replaced by greed and violence when the will to rule the world consumes them. Rousseau is mindful of the abstraction of reason which was tainted by greediness of power over time (Puosi 1). Hence, what is needed is to make reasonable decisions consciously for general welfare and not for seeking selfish motives. Rousseau is also aware the good manners and right conduct, morality, justice, and love are the core values that are normal for a human being. Respect and loyalty towards other people existed many years ago. In fact, agreements between individuals without written contracts were used due to mutual promise to perform obligations. The situation changed when dishonesty and unethical business attitudes came into existence. Rousseau is trying to explain that there could never be a problem if the true essence of sound morals can be used as the guiding principles of men. The concept of morality still existed nowadays but was corrupted by the will to become wealthy and influential. For example, some businessmen no longer care for the moral uprightness of men when pornography was made available to them for reasons of business profits. Prostitution was developed in such a way that all people tend to destroy family relationships just to earn profits. Rousseau was thinking then that sound morals were replaced by the word money alone and none other. Justice is a very important concept that most people value. Justice propagates peace and harmony in the society. Justice is the remarkable instrument that makes people reacts positively to the laws enacted by political leaders. It is also the foundation of the peaceful interrelations of the component elements of society which makes us become civilly and economically progressive. And yet, when the ability to circumvent the law existed, justice is no longer the rule but the basis of every legal demand. Rousseau believes that justice breeds peace and harmony among human beings, but he also knew that it can be destroyed by personal motives and interests in the society. Let us consider the stretching of military power in Iraq via foreign policy of Bush administration. Several military personnel were sent to Iraq just to satisfy the need to advance foreign policy of the country. The untold casualties of war are shocking and unbelievable. The country may be powerful over Iraq but both suffered tremendously because of the war. But raising the concern of fighting against terrorist acts justifies the war in Iraq. The American people spend money out of governmental budget to support national defense and foreign policy thereby neglecting other important matters like education and healthcare. Rousseau must be correct when he said that historical events had unraveled and contaminated the good in human heart and soul by suppressing passions and instincts to the generalization of motive (Puosi 1). Thus, lack of common interest among the people can be treated by means of observing justice in all aspect of policy-making. The little siblings of selfish interest include the concepts of corruption, greed, thirst of power and violence (Puosi 1). Rousseau labeled all these devilish attitudes as products of a social make-up or structure shaped by historical events. These negative attitudes clued-up the alienation of those core values relevant and normal to human nature. Corruption is common in the society today. Thirst of power and violence remained the reasons why some Americans are imprisoned for such a long time. The overcrowding of prison cells is due to the inability of the government to prevent men from doing criminal acts over time. And the worst thing is, people tend to commit criminal acts due to poverty and worsening social condition. The cycle of social matters kept on moving toward the destruction of the people and we tend to ignore the reasons of our difficulties. This point of time, we take heed to the words of Rousseau, private property ownership is the source of all inequality. In the context of modern society, ownership of private property is acceptable as long as it is done justifiable and reasonably. The problem lies on the acquisition of private property through deceit and fraudulent machinations. The acquisition of private property is also the mother of discrimination as other people think that all things belong to them. Rousseau pointed out that the insatiable needs of men to own private property is the foundation of all evils (Puosi 1). The optimal reason for divisive acts and irregular decisions of government leaders is the desire to possess several private properties. Hence, the social and economic conditions of the people can be improved if unfair acquisition of private property is eradicated in the society. Conclusion The subject of the discussion is the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau about the Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. The said writing of Rousseau was used to analyze the three problem of society that breeds lack of common interest among the citizens of the United States of America. The three problems mentioned include the failure of the government to enrich and magnify national security, economic development, and political power in the perspective of human nature. According to Rousseau, men by nature are good and that justice, sound morality, and love are the core values of men. But the historical events of having a goal of private property acquisition tainted these values. Therefore, men should refrain from doing unfair deeds and unjustifiable acquisition of private property. Finally, the war in Iraq and other destructive military operations staged by America must be stopped. The social needs of education and health care must be prioritized. There is no problem if the people are protected from terrorist attacks, but it should be done in the right perspective by the government. Works Cited Daalder, Ivo & Lindsay, James. â€Å"Democracies of the World Unite†. 2009. The American Interest Website. February 24, 2009 < http://www. the-american-interest.com/ai2/article. cfm? Id=219&MId=6> â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)†. 2009. Niagara University. February 24, 2009 â€Å"Outsourcing Effects on America’s Economy†. 2009. Article Snatch. February 24, 2009 < http://www. articlesnatch. com/Article/Outsourcing-Effects-on-America—s-Economy/478092> Puosi, Emanuela. â€Å"Discourse on the Origin of Inequality†. 5 November 2008. Political Philosophy Website. February 24, 2009 .

Behavioral Genetics

Multiple situations and conditions can impair or influence human behavior in individuals. My hypothesis was genetics has the strongest influence on human behavior because of the inability to have control over heredity. Without control, how can one improve or change their behavior? Mental disorders can be inherited through genetics. Examples of genetically acquired mental disorders are schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. My personal experience with individuals with those particular types of mental disorders exhibit different behaviors that those without the disorder. The way one interacts with other and the perception of that individual by society can be influences by mental disorders . My hypothesis was slightly changed after reading the article â€Å"Behavioral Gentics† by Joseph McInerney . McInerney provided in depth research that alluded to the fact that genetics alone does not influence human behavior. He believes that unless every person is tested a definitive correlation between genetics and behaviors will not exist. (J. McInerney ‘Behavioral Genetics† 24Aug2011) In case studies, researchers only test a select few and this does not provide enough information to prove or disprove genetics behavioral influence. According to McInerney, there may be others factors that may be present in conjunction with genetics that may influence human behavior. Behaviors are â€Å"the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). Genetics are â€Å"a branch of biology that deals wit h the heredity and variation of organisms† (MWD). Through definition; genetics is not a factor for behaviors. Genetics can be a factor, but does not necessarily have to be a controlling factor that influences human behavior. McInerney provided multiple sources of other studies that solidified his view. I made my hypothesis based on my personal experience of people with mental disorders that had a historyof mental illness in their family. I only had access to a minimal amount of people with this disorder and made an inference without proper investigation. After reading this research; I feel that my hypothesis was just an opinion that could be perceived as judgmental. I believe that the source was creditable site because it was a overnment website. I will not say that I agree or disagree with the information presented. The information was from one source. I would have to read every source that McInerney provided and research other sources that oppose McInerney findings. I learned that solely from reading someone else’s opinion that it affected and influenced my behavior. I am usually ve ry decisive when I formulate an opinion. Normally my opinion is never altered due to someone else’s input. I have learned that many people make inferences and consider themselves expertise without more information from other sources. Behavioral Genetics Heredity and the environment produce an individual difference in development. Behavioral genetics has an impact in development. Behavioral genetics according to Francis Galton is based on â€Å"a man's natural abilities that are derived by inheritance, under exactly the same limitations as are the form and physical features of the whole organic world. † The role of behavioral genetics is based on human behavior influenced by genetics and the environment.For instance, Galton focused on the study of inheritance of gifted and talented families, and found that intelligence might be genetic, yet he also found that it has a lot to do with environmental factors. Galton researched in behavioral genetics including studies of twins and adopted children to compare environmental factors and biological factors. While contemporary behavioral genetics being the largest branch of human behavioral genetics covers phenotypes such as alcoholism, bipolar disorders, and schizophrenia however, inve stigations have not yet found genes associated to these mental illnesses but are rather environmental.Behavioral genetics has implications in society that affects a massive amount of physical behaviors that includes homosexuality, aggression, and nurturing, and intelligence. For example, the amount of tolerance that a trait would fur goes for prisoners or homosexuals such as getting treatment or prevent the birth of individuals affected. The only known fact is that no gene determines behaviors.This was proved by a study published in 1999 of the â€Å"smart gene† this gene was practiced on mice by injecting what is known as the high gene, and the study came to a conclusion that the learning enhancement only lasted a few hours, and was only retain in short memory. Having a certain trait does not mean that the trait will develop instead it can only be taken as a chance that it might or may not. Behavioral genes is still quite a mystery but can not be elapsed because there are ma jor possibilities that traits may exist. Behavioral Genetics Multiple situations and conditions can impair or influence human behavior in individuals. My hypothesis was genetics has the strongest influence on human behavior because of the inability to have control over heredity. Without control, how can one improve or change their behavior? Mental disorders can be inherited through genetics. Examples of genetically acquired mental disorders are schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. My personal experience with individuals with those particular types of mental disorders exhibit different behaviors that those without the disorder. The way one interacts with other and the perception of that individual by society can be influences by mental disorders . My hypothesis was slightly changed after reading the article â€Å"Behavioral Gentics† by Joseph McInerney . McInerney provided in depth research that alluded to the fact that genetics alone does not influence human behavior. He believes that unless every person is tested a definitive correlation between genetics and behaviors will not exist. (J. McInerney ‘Behavioral Genetics† 24Aug2011) In case studies, researchers only test a select few and this does not provide enough information to prove or disprove genetics behavioral influence. According to McInerney, there may be others factors that may be present in conjunction with genetics that may influence human behavior. Behaviors are â€Å"the response of an individual, group, or species to its environment† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). Genetics are â€Å"a branch of biology that deals wit h the heredity and variation of organisms† (MWD). Through definition; genetics is not a factor for behaviors. Genetics can be a factor, but does not necessarily have to be a controlling factor that influences human behavior. McInerney provided multiple sources of other studies that solidified his view. I made my hypothesis based on my personal experience of people with mental disorders that had a historyof mental illness in their family. I only had access to a minimal amount of people with this disorder and made an inference without proper investigation. After reading this research; I feel that my hypothesis was just an opinion that could be perceived as judgmental. I believe that the source was creditable site because it was a overnment website. I will not say that I agree or disagree with the information presented. The information was from one source. I would have to read every source that McInerney provided and research other sources that oppose McInerney findings. I learned that solely from reading someone else’s opinion that it affected and influenced my behavior. I am usually ve ry decisive when I formulate an opinion. Normally my opinion is never altered due to someone else’s input. I have learned that many people make inferences and consider themselves expertise without more information from other sources.